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Politics > UK Politics > Flashcards

UK Politics Flashcards

1
Q

What was participation in 1950, 1979 and 2001?

A

1950 = 85%
1979 = 76%
2001 = 59%

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2
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln say democracy was?

A

“government of the people, for the people”

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3
Q

What did Edward I say about direct democracy?

A

“whatever touches all should be approved by all”

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4
Q

In 2015 what % of votes were for a losing candidate?

A

50%

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5
Q

When was the Human Rights Act?

A

1998

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6
Q

When was the Freedom of information Act?

A

2000

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7
Q

Athenian Democracy

A

250,000 Males over 18
Assembly made up of 30,000 with 3000 regally attending
Assembly was paid
Uses sorting and term limits
Assembly held every 2/3 months with 6000 attending

The Boule - 500 who decided topics (100 wealthiest had the most influence)

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8
Q

What did Thucydides say about apatheics?

A

“We alone consider a citizen who does not partake in politics…useless”

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9
Q

How many CCTV cameras were there in 2010?

A

1 camera per 14 people

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10
Q

How many members does AgeUK have?

A

12 million

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11
Q

What did Plane Stupid do?

A

In 2015 13 people shackled themselves together on a runway at Heathrow

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12
Q

How was Stonewall successful?

A

David Cameron legalise same-sex marriage in 2014. 95 weddings in first 48 hours, with 15,000 in the first year.

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13
Q

What did the Human Rights Act 1998 do?

A

Citizens can now challenge laws and defend rights in UK courts rather than having to go straight to ECHR. UK courts can issue declaration of incompatibility.

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14
Q

What did the Freedom of Information Act (2000) do?

A

Gives citizens the right to know who and how/who made decisions, exemptions for national security

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15
Q

What were the ideas of Old Labour (Social Democrats) 1945 -94?

A

Equality

Collectivism

Capitalism should be controlled

Social Justice

Class and Society

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16
Q

What were the key ideas of New Labour (The third Way) 1994-2010?

A

Individualism (realise own potential)

Free Market (further privatisation and weakening of trade unions)

Health and education

Social Justice (minimum wage and guaranteed living standards)

Communitarianism (focus on environment and strong social services)

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17
Q

Gordon Brown

A

2007-2010
Banking Collapse 2008
Unpopular with public, frequent threat of leadership challenge

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18
Q

Ed Miliband

A

2010-2015
Won at age of 40, beating older brother David
Struggled with legacy of failure and balancing the centre and left of the party

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19
Q

Jeremy Corbyn

A

2015-2020
Sharp turn to the left , wanted re-nationalisation of water, rail, Royal Mail and energy services
Reintroduce 50p tax rate and increase corporation tax
Abolish tuition fees

Supported Tridents renewal and 2% on defence in line with NATO

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20
Q

One Nation Conservatism

A

19th and 20th century (Disraeli and Macmillan)
Paternalism, Pragmatism and Consensus
Sought to introduce social reforms to reduce social inequalities
Noblesse Oblige
More likely to manage economy

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21
Q

Thatcherism and the New Right

A
  • Combined Neo-liberalism and Neo-Conservatism
  • Favored the individua
  • Strong nationalistic character.
  • Intolerant of alternative lifestyles
  • Excessive welfare a threat to enterprise and work
  • Against high tax
  • Supportive of laissez faire policies
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22
Q

Cameron

A
  • 2010-2015
  • ‘Stop banging on about Europe’
  • environment and socially disadvantaged
  • Preference of pragmatism
  • minimal welfare
  • ‘Big Society’ Communities to take on roles of the state
  • Causes of Crime was a big focus
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23
Q

May

A
  • 2015-2019
  • Early GE in April when 20 points ahead, with weakest opposition since 1983
  • Had to rely on DUP
  • JAMs
  • cap on energy prices
  • wanted to reintroduce grammar schools
  • repeal ban on fox hunting
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24
Q

Momentum

A

Prominence in 2017 GE campaign
Founded by John Lansman and Adam Klug
As on January 2018 momentum had 35,000 activists and 15 staff

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25
Q

What are the values of the Liberal Democrats?

A
  • Constitutional reform, (EU membership and Human Rights)
  • Tolerance
  • Liberty and Rights
  • Equality of Opportunity
  • Constitutionalism
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26
Q

Clegg

A

2010-2016
Moderators of the Conservatives
Raised the threshold from income tax from £6,475 in 2009 to £11,000 in 2015
MPs reduced from 57 to 8 MPs in 2015

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27
Q

Social Liberals

A

Centre-left
Modern liberal principles
desire to increase social justice throughout the state
Higher spending on disadvantaged
Tim Farron, Simon Hughes and Charles Kennedy

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28
Q

Orange Book Liberals

A

Centre
Support choice and competition
Increase social majority through increased economic freedom
tax cuts for the poorest
Ed Davey, Nick Clegg and Danny Alexander

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29
Q

SNP

A
  • Overall majority 2011
  • Independence ref in 2014 - No 55%, Yes 45%
  • 56/59 Scottish seats in 2015
  • Now a minority

Brexit ref - Remain 62%, leave 38%

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30
Q

Plaid Cymru

A

Wales to have no barriers when trading with Europe
£7.5 billion investment
Social Care plan
Won 12/60 seats in 2016
Won 4 seats in Westminster

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31
Q

Green

A

2017 manifesto:
Green economy
Protect environment
Membership of EU
NHS, public services should belong to all of us

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32
Q

DUP

A

Unionist - supports NI remaining in the UK
Repeatedly blocked attempt to introduce gay marriage and more liberal abortion laws
Only party in Stormont to support leave
In 2017 they won 90/108 seats in NI assembly

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33
Q

UKIP

A

Has never had more than 2 seats
Farage became leader in 2006
2014 EU election won 27.5%
3rd most popular party in 2015 GE with 17 million votes

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34
Q

Example of a safe seat

A

In 2017 Labour retained Liverpool Walton with 85.7%

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35
Q

Exampe of Marginal Seat

A

In 2017 SNP won NE Fife by 2 votes

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36
Q

What % of MPs are female

A

32%

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37
Q

Thatcher’s early political career

A

Elected an MP in 1959
Education secretary 1970-74
Elected Conservative leader in 1975

38
Q

When did Jim Callaghan become PM, why?

A

Became PM in 1976
Harold Wilson resigned after 2 years
Should have called election in 1978 but delayed it

39
Q

Winter of Discontent

A

1978-1979
Callaghan imposed a 5% cap on wage rises

Sep-Oct 1978: 57,000 For employees on strike
Jan: lorry drivers, nurses, railway, and ambulance drivers
Feb: Liverpool’s gravediggers and London’s binmen

40
Q

What did Callaghan say about the Winter of Discontent?

A

accused public of “taking a rather parochial view”

41
Q

Thatcher’s Campaign

A

Used publicity specialists Tim Bell and Gordon Reece
‘Labour isn’t working’

42
Q

Why did Thatcher win in 1979?

A
  1. Circumstances - SNP withdrew support because 40% quorum not reached in 1979 devolution referendum (32.8%). Tories tabled vote of no confidence
  2. Winter of Discontent
43
Q

Result of 1979 election

A

Conservatives gained 62 seats (339)
Labour lost 50 seats (269)
SNP also lost 9 seats

44
Q

Leaders of the Labour Party

A

Moved left under Micheal Foot
Neil Kinnock, John Smith and Tony Blair moved the party towards the centre

45
Q

Why was John Major made the leader of the Conservative party, what happened during his premiership?

A

John Major only elected as least controversial, majority reduced from 102 to 21 seats

46
Q

What happened in Sep 1992?

A

Black Wednesday - UK dropped out of currency stabilizing system (ERM)

47
Q

What happened to Major’s majority?

A

shrank to 1 following by-elections, defections and suspensions.

48
Q

How was ‘back to basics’ campaign undermined

A

Stephen Mullighan found dead in ‘compromising circumstances’
Gary Waller admits to having an child with another MPs secretary
Stephen Norris resigns after 3 affairs

49
Q

How did Blair appeal to Middle Class?

A

Focus on education (“Education, Education, Education”) and health also pro-business

50
Q

How did Blair appeal to Tabloids?

A

Tough on crime, connections to south, Hospital waiting lists

51
Q

How did Blair appeal to Lib Dems?

A

Lords reform, voting system and devolution

52
Q

Results of 1997 elections

A

Labour gained 145 seats (418)
Conservatives lost 178 seats (165)
Parties almost equally apart 13,000,000, 9,000,000 and 5,000,000

53
Q

How did age help Blair to win?

A

achieved more across all groups
Highest % with 18-34 year olds
In the 18-24 females 53% voted Labour, 24% Conservative

54
Q

How did the Media help Blair to win?

A

Supported Blair
Tory Scandals
Focus groups used

55
Q

How did Gender help Blair to win?

A

Male/female votes for Labour = 45/44%
More women working, particularly in public sector
More family focused, free nursery places

56
Q

How did class help Blair to win?

A

Dealignment - able to appeal to middle class

57
Q

How did Employment Status help Blair?

A

45% employed and 64% unemployed voted Labour

30% employed and 15% unemployed voted Conservative

58
Q

How did ethnicity help Blair?

A

70% non-white voted Blair, compared to 18% conservative
Labour gained 66% Asian votes, and 82% black votes

59
Q

Why did Gordon Brown lose?

A
  1. Had no personal mandate
  2. Financial Crisis
  3. Personal Image: insecure, dour, overly serious, workaholic
  4. Sun switched sized, papers ran stories about financial crisis and personal defects
60
Q

What did the 2010 manifestoes promise?

A

Cut spending without cutting public services

61
Q

What % agreed extra money spent by labour was wasted?

A

59%

62
Q

What % though Brown/Cameron would be best PM?

A

Brown 29%
Cameron 33%

63
Q

Who did the public trust with the economy?

A

Lab 26%
Con 29%
No one 36%

64
Q

1992 GE quote about Media

A

‘the sun wot won it”

65
Q

How many watched the 2010 GE debate?

A

10 million

66
Q

Which papers DON’T support conservatives?

A

Guardian, iNews, and Mirror

67
Q

Facebook was h most popular media in how many countries in 2016?

A

26 counttires

68
Q

What % of people in the UK said social media was the main source?

A

28%

69
Q

The Abu Qatada Case (2012)

A

In 2012 ECHR Stopped the deportation of radical islamist to Jordan, where he risked torture
Removed by May in 2013, Who said ECHR had “mored the goalposts”

70
Q

The Poundland Case (2013)

A

Cait Reilly won her claim it was unlawful to make her work for free as a condition to claiming Jobseekers allowance

71
Q

Segregation in School’s Ruling (2017)

A

Ruled a co-educational faith School in Birmingham had unlawfully discriminated by segregating boys and girls
Ofstead said they breached Equality Act

72
Q

The Belmarsh Ruling (2004)

A

Law Lords ruled 8-1 against gov.s indefinite detention of terror suspects in Belmarsh prison
Lord Hoffman ruled there was no ‘state of public emergency threatening the life of the nation’

73
Q

Labour Party income

A

£49.8 million

74
Q

Conservative Party income

A

£28.3 million

75
Q

Lib Dem income

A

£8.5 million

76
Q

SNP income

A

£4.9 million

77
Q

UKIP Income

A

£3.4 million

78
Q

What is pragmatism?

A

the quality of dealing with a problem in a sensible way that suits the conditions that really exist, rather than following fixed theories, ideas, or rules

79
Q

What does dogmatic mean?

A

If you are dogmatic, you are certain that you are right and that everyone else is wrong.

80
Q

What was the electorate pre 1832?

A

400,000 men

81
Q

What act was passed in 1832, what did this do?

A

Great Reform Act
Abolished rotten boroughs (Weobley) , created seats for urban areas (Manchester

82
Q

What was the Electorate after the 1832 Great Reform Act?

A

650,000 men - 5% of adult population

83
Q

What Act was passed in 1918, what did this do to the electorate?

A

1918 Rep. of the people act
All Men over 21 and women over 30 can vote
75% of adults

84
Q

How was Electorate altered in 1928 and 1969?

A

1928 - both sexes can vote at 21
1969 - voting age lowered to 18

85
Q

Conservative members of the NO to AV campaign

A

Theresa May, Kenneth Clarke, George Osborne, David Cameron

86
Q

Labour members of NO to AV

A

Over 100MPs Inc. Lindsey Hoyle and Paul Goggin’s
Led by Margaret Becket

87
Q

What was the main argument against AV?

A

Would have cost £250 million to implement
‘she needs a new cardiac facility not a new voting system’

88
Q

Members of Yes! to fairer votes

A

Led by Nick Clegg and Katy Ghose, supported by Ed Miliband
Fewer Labor MPs, but included Diane Abbott, Ed Balls and Yvette Cooper.

89
Q

Outcome of 2011 AV referendum

A

Vote held on 5th May 2011
19.1 million voted, just 41% of electorate
YES 32.1%
NO 67.9%

90
Q

2019 General Election

A

67.3% turnout
43.6% winning party
Amount who chose the winners 29.3%

91
Q

When was compulsory voting in Australia, what is turnout?

A

Introduced in 1924
fine is £12
94% turnout
10% not registered to vote
still and 84.6% turnout

Politics (6 decks)

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