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Politics > UK Government > Flashcards

UK Government Flashcards

1
Q

Scotland Act 1998

A

Gave Primary powers and powers to vary tax by 3p per pound

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2
Q

Scotland Act 2012

A

Vary tax by 10p and additional tax powers

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3
Q

Scotland Act 2016

A

Extended transport, energy, social security benefits
income tax rate setting powers
receive proceeds of national VAT

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4
Q

Wales Act 1998

A

Secondary Legislative powers

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5
Q

Wales Act 2006

A

Additional Ref. on primary legislative powers

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6
Q

Welsh Devolution Ref. 2011

A

Direct law making power in 20 areas, health, education etc.

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7
Q

Wales Act 2014

A

Minor tax powers, ref on income tax varying powers

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8
Q

Wales Act 2017

A

Reserved powers model, transport energy, tax varying powers by 10p without ref.

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9
Q

The N.I Act 1998

A

Based on Belfast Agreement, transferred power to legislate on transferred matters

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10
Q

St Andrew’s Agreement 2006

A

Renewed Devolution

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11
Q

What was devolved to N.I in 2010

A

Police and Criminal Justice

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12
Q

What Act devolved power to set corporation tax to N.I?

A

The Corporation Tax (N.I) Act 2015

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13
Q

Key Historic documents the constitution is based on

A

Magna Carta 1215
Bill of Rights 1689
Act of Settlement 1701
Act of Union 1701
Parliament Acts 1911 and 1945
The European Communities Act 1972

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14
Q

When was the Fixed Term Parliament Act passed?

A

2011

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15
Q

When was the constitutional Reform Act passed, what did it do?

A

2005
Established supreme court
Separated role of Lord Chancellor into 3 roles

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16
Q

Who by and when was the Alternative Reform of the Lords presented?

A

Committee ran by Lord Burns in 2017

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17
Q

How much can Lords claim each day?

A

£300

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18
Q

How many peers did Cameron create between 2010 and 2017?

A

295 peers

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19
Q

What did the Alternative Reform on Lords suggest?

A
  1. Reduce size to 600 within 10 years, maintain until 2047
  2. New Peerages restricted to 15 year terms
  3. Political Peers in relation to election performance, taking seats and vote share into account
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20
Q

How many times was May’s EU withdrawal bill defeated between April-June 2018

A

14 times

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21
Q

How big was May’s working majority?

A

13 MPs

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22
Q

Between 2010 -2015 what % of votes did MPs rebel in?

A

35%

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23
Q

What recent conflicts has the commons debated?

A

Wars in Syria and Iraq as well as 2011 London Riots

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24
Q

What happened following 2013 debate military action in Syria?

A

Cameron defeated 285 to 272

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25
Q

How long did the 2015 debate on air spikes in Syria last?

A

10 hours

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26
Q

When did Blair first lose a vote

A

2005

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27
Q

Burkean Idea

A

MPs decide what is best for constituents who put their trust in them

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28
Q

Delegate Model

A

MPs are a mouthpiece to constituents

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29
Q

The Doctrine of Mandate

A

MPs represent their party which was elected with a mandate on a manifesto

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30
Q

House of Commons

A

650 MPs
442 Men, 208 Women
52 Ethnic minority

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31
Q

House of Lords

A

791 Lords
676 life peers, 89 hereditary peers, 26 lord spirituals
585 men, 206 women
48 ethnic minority

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32
Q

How many times did the house of Lords defeat 2018 EU withdrawal bill?

A

14 times

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33
Q

How many times was article 50 defeated in the Lords in 2017?

A

twice

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34
Q

Between 2010 - 2015 how many times did the Lords vote against the gov?

A

48 times

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35
Q

Expertise in the Lords

A

Lord Hogan-Howe former chief of Police, Lord Walton former president of British Medical Association

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36
Q

Name an Act defeated in the Lords?

A

2012 Welfare reform Act

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37
Q

How many conservative MPs voted against/abstained in the vote on 2013 Marriage (same-sex couples) Act

A

136 voting against
40 abstaining

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38
Q

Parliament Act 1911 and 1945

A

Could only delay legislation by one year, no longer VETO

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39
Q

How many times does something have to be rejected to become ineffective?

A

3 times

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40
Q

How many amendments did the Lord’s suggest for the 2012 Welfare Reform Act?

A

7 amendments

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41
Q

Name an act the Lord’s delayed

A

2004 Fox Hunting Act

42
Q

Salisbury Convention

A

Will not vote down anything in a mandate

43
Q

Name an example of successful committee action

A

In 2010 Margaret Hodge, Public Accounts Committee chair, held Starbucks to account over tax paid in the UK

44
Q

Backbench phrase

A

“would you like to step outside and say that?”

45
Q

Backbench Business Committee

A

Formed in 2010
Able to choose topics of debate 45 days a year

46
Q

How many urgent questions did Bercow and Martin grant?

A

Bercow (2009-2014) 150 urgent questions granted

Martin (2004-2009) less than 50

47
Q

An example of a time the cabinet managed an emergency

A

2017 Westminster attacks

48
Q

Example of cabinet committees

A

National Security Council
Home Affairs Committee
Economic Affairs Committee
Scotland Committee
Social Justice Committee

49
Q

Name a key decision the cabinet made

A

Whether or not to hold a 2017 GE

50
Q

Stages of a Bill

A

HC: First Reading
Second Reading and Vote
Committee Stage
Report Stage and Third Reading

HL: Process repeated

Then bill is given Royal Assent by Monarch and becomes law

51
Q

Give an example of an MP resigning after breaking Collective Cabinet Responsibility

A

In August 2014 Baroness Warsi resigned from Cameron’s gov over policy on the escalation of violence in Israel

52
Q

Euro-sceptics and Euro-Enthusiasts in Blair’s cabinet

A

Euro-Sceptics: Michael Portillo, Peter Lilley, John Redwood and Johnathan Aitken

Euro-Enthusiasts: Kenneth Clarke, Douglas Hurd, and Michael Heseltine.

53
Q

Major split in May’s cabinet

A

Chancellor Philip Hammond, Brexit Secretary David Davis and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnston.

By June 2018 both Davis and Johnston had resigned.

54
Q

Why did May not resign in 2011?

A

Ministers responsible for all that happens in their Department

Lapses in border control. She argued civil servant Brodie Clark acted beyond guidelines she gave him.

55
Q

Why did Amber Rudd resign as Home Secretary in 2018?

A

MPs must give accurate information to parliament

She mislead parliament over question of whether she knew about the targets to remove illegal immigrants.

56
Q

Why did Estelle Morris resign, in what year?

A

PM decides how long a minister remains in office for.

In 2002 Estelle Morris resigned as Education Secretary after failing to meet targets on literacy and numeracy tests.

57
Q

Why did Chris Huhne resign in 2012?

A

It was revealed he would face criminal charges for avoiding a speeding offence.

58
Q

Why did Brooks Newmark resign in 2014?

A

It was reveled in a newspaper that he sent explicit images of himself to an undercover reporter.

59
Q

Why was Peter Mandelson forced to resign?

A

An allegation he abused his position to give the Hinduja brother’s passports. The PM told him he had to resign without waiting to see how serous allegations were.

60
Q

Who made up ‘The Quad’?

A

David Cameron (PM), George Osborne (Chancellor), Nick Clegg (Deputy PM) and Danny Alexander (chief sec to the Treasury)

61
Q

What was the role of ‘The Quad’?

A

iron out contentious matters prior to cabinet meetings.

62
Q

What did Clegg say about Osborne and Alexander’s relationship?

A

Complained Alexander’s head had been taken over by Treasury Officials

63
Q

Constitutional Reform Act 2005

A

Changed the role of Lord Chancellor, removing him from the head of Judiciary and House of Lords speakership.
Independent Supreme Court
Established the Judicial Appointments Committee (JAC) this vets appointments of senior judicial posts.

64
Q

Who is the President of the Supreme Court, when were they elected?

A

Lady Hale, elected in 2017

65
Q

When do Judges in the Supreme Court retire?

A

70 if appointed after 1995, or otherwise 75.

66
Q

When do Judges in the Supreme Court retire?

A

70 if appointed after 1995, or otherwise 75.

67
Q

Diversity in the Supreme Court

A

2 women (inc. president) 11 men
All white
All old

68
Q

Diversity in the Court of Appeal and High Court in 2017

A

1/4 in Court of Appeal and 1/5 in high court female
Black, Asian and Ethnic Minority judges well below 1/10
Also a drop in % of non-white barristers, go on to become judges

69
Q

R v Horncastle (2009)

A

Focus: Use of Hearsay documents from absent witnesses who are not under oath have long been excepted in British Courts

The Case: Clash between UK courts and ECHR, which ruled if a person was convicted on the strength of Hearsay evidence, their right to humans rights were being infringed.

The Decision: The ECHR altered its decision. Lord Neuberger said this showed ‘there can be genuine, civilized and constructive dialogue between the UK courts and ECHR.

70
Q

Al Rawi v Security Service (2011)

A

The Focus: raised the conflict between human rights and National Security

The Case: Some inmates in US-run prisons wanted to bring claims against the UK security service for contributing to mistreatment while in detention. UK security service wanted to give evidence in Secret to preserve national security, however prosecution would then not be able to see evidence against them.

The Decision: Supreme Court decided this ‘simply was not possible’

71
Q

Why did Cameron resign in 2016?

A

Ministers responsible for all that happens in their Department

Failed remain campaign

72
Q

Why did some call for Hunt to resign in 2012?

A

MPs should give accurate information to parliament

Jeremy Hunt remained Culture Secretary
in 2012, when it was suggested his closeness to Murdoch made him biased.

73
Q

What controversy happened in 2012 whilst May was Home Secretary?

A

May remained Home Secretary in 2012 despite the confusion around Abu Qatada’s deportation to Jordan.

74
Q

What two ideas does a Liberal Democracy combine?

A

Liberalism and Democracy

75
Q

What are entrenched laws?

A

Laws which are purposely made difficult to amend

76
Q

What does fundamental/Higher law mean?

A

All other laws must be compatible

77
Q

What is the aim of a Bill of Rights?

A

Protect people from other people - safeguard individual rights

78
Q

What does Uncodified mean?

A

Not in one written document

79
Q

In the uk what is sovereign?

A

Parliament

80
Q

Which countries around the world have an uncodified constitution?

A

UK
Israel
New Zealand

81
Q

What caused America to adopt a codified constitution? In which year?

A

Revolutionary War 1775-83
Constitution 1787

82
Q

What caused Germany to adopt a codified constitution? In which year?

A

Nazi surrender 1945
Constitution 1949

83
Q

What caused Iraq to adopt a codified constitution? In which year?

A

Iraqi govt. collapse after 2003 invasion
Constitution 2005

84
Q

What is Divine Right?

A

From God

85
Q

What is Royal Prerogative?

A

Power and authority belonging directly to a monarch

86
Q

When was the Feudal System introduced?

A

1066

87
Q

Who did the Monarch take advice from previously?

A

Tenants-in-Chiefs (landowners)
Ecclesiastics (priests)

88
Q

In which year was the Assize of Clarendon? What did this do?

A

1166 - Henry VIII
Judges to travel around circuits to enforce laws made by judges in Westminster - less local variation

89
Q

What did the Assize of Clarendon create?

A

Common Law

90
Q

When and what was the Magna Carta?

A

1215 - King John
He agreed to significant limits on this royal prerogative

91
Q

Which 3 clauses of the Magna Carta are often still used?

A

39, 40, 45

92
Q

What is the Rule of Law?

A

No one is above the law - not even the king

93
Q

Which law during King James I’s reign saw some limits imposed on prerogative power?

A

The case of Proclamations (1610)

94
Q

What and when was the Five Knight’s Case?

A

Charles I imprisoned those who didn’t pay “forces loans” after parliament refused to fund war with France.

He also imposed ‘Martial Law’ - soldiers being housed in civilian homes

95
Q

What was the impact of the Five Knight’s Case?

A

Petition of Rights 1628 - no taxes levied without parliaments consent, habeas corpus imposed, no marital law during peace time, soldiers not to be housed in civilian homes

Parliament not used for 11 years

96
Q

When was the English Civil War?

A

1642-51

97
Q

Following the Civil war 2 codified constitutions were introduced, what where their names and which year were they brought in?

A

Instrument of Government 1653
Humble Petition and Advise 1657

98
Q

In which year was the restoration of the monarchy?

A

1660

99
Q

When and what was the Glorious Revolution?

A

1688-89
King James II removed by William of Orange

100
Q

What did the Glorious Revolution lead to?

A

Bill of Rights (1689)
Parliament now sovereign

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