UK Human Flashcards
National Migration
Retirement migration - Cornwall + scenic + slower pace of life + community + lower crime rates ; increasing pressure on health services and increase in house prices - more young adults move away (demand for tertiary sector increases)
RUM - isolated areas like Wales (geography affects farming) ; lack of job opportunities - leave to find better job in cities leaving older population behind ties to primary sector jobs
International migration
2004 period of economic growth of EU - immigrants arrived from Eastern Europe Poland/Latvia and majority were young (80% less than 34 years old) - went to cities such as London and Birmingham leading to overpopulation
Provide source of cheap Labour (construction) + language barrier
Pressure on services
Young and have families - number of children ; population demographics and bring benefits to ageing groups population
Introduce their home culture - violence? Prepared to work for less - stealing their jobs?
North East vs South East
North east - primary industry declined (coal mining) due to heavy foreign competition and high land and labour costs -continues to decline in manufacturing too (deindustrialisation) and unemployment rose faster to over 8% (than any other U.K. region) - secondary employs fewer people because of automation and improved technology (Nissan employed 4900 in 2004 - growth of tertiary sector has improved unemployment but still very low paid and poor working conditions)
South east - manufacturing in urban rapidly increased ; high prosperity and wide range of financial and business services
Why is South East so attractive to industries?
Transport - very connected unlike rural (only motorway at Essex) and four major airports + ports for trade
Markets and Labour - large market + free trade with EU and government special economic zones/enterprise zones reduce taxes (companies co-locate ; improve infrastructure TNCs)
Political - close to Houses of Parliament in London
Geographical - radial routes out of London and close to English Channel access to Europe + stock market of London
Impacts of globalisation
Need for workers to reskill as primary industry jobs are replaced by secondary and tertiary industry - more flexible workforce with self employment and part time
Privatisation - increased FDI (multiplier effect) no spiral of decline and increased awareness of global markets + more efficient jobs
U.K. is very attractive because of free trade - no import tax with EU (pursued policy of promoting free trade) - goods and services cheaper
A lot of FDI in more infrastructure and energy projects - making it more attractive to companies in the long run (sustainable location with energy security)
