Impacts On Tectonic Disasters - Case Study Detail Flashcards
Primary Impacts of 2011 Japan Earthquake (Magnitude of 9.0Mw)
1) Between 667 and 1479 deaths occurred as direct result of Earthquake (caused mostly by collapsing buildings)
2) Roads and railways were damaged (transport infrastructure in ruins - a barrier to evacuation)
3) Electric power, water and sewage systems were all disrupted
4) Reclaimed land in Tokyo (400km from epicentre) suffered from liquefaction (ground turned to liquid - under alluvial soil)
5) More than 1000 buildings were damaged
Secondary impacts of Japan Earthquake 2011 Magnitude 9.0Mw
1) Vast majority of deaths (17000) due to drowning in Tsunami
2) More than half of victims above the age of 65
3) 5000 or more people injured + missing
4) 127000 buildings collapsed and 1.2 million buildings were severely damaged
5) 2000 roads and 80 railway lines (and bridges) along entire coast of Honshu were destroyed
6) Fukushima dam burst and earthquake cut the main power to several nuclear power stations
7) Nuclear meltdown because cooling system of back-up generator failed (due to tsunami waves)
8) Damage = 300 billion American dollars
Information on actual earthquake (Japan 2011)
Earthquake and aftershocks triggered a Tsunami which raced outwards from epicentre at speeds of 800km/hr
Waves up to 10 metres high hit the east coast of Japan and travelled as far as 10 km inland
Waves 2.7 metres high struck the coast of California
Immediate response to Japan 2011 earthquake
Advanced warnings of the earthquake and tsunami gave people time to get outside ikr reach higher ground
The pacific Tsunami Warning Centre warned coastal communities in Japan and other countries round the Pacific
Rescue workers and Japanese soldiers (army) were mobilised to deal with the crisis
Government requested international aid and countries such as India and Australia as well as charities such as the Red Cross (and NGOs) sent help through search and rescue teams
RESCUE EFFORTS WERE HAMPERED BY THE DISRUPTION TO ROADS AND COMMUNICATIONS AND BAD WEATHER
Long term responses of Japan Earthquake 2011
More than 130000 people were displaced with many in shelters where food and supplies were severely limited - a further 140000 people were evacuated from a 20km radius around the Fukushima Power Plant
Primary Impacts of Kashmir Earthquake (2005)
90% of livestock killed - massive impact as most of the victims were subsistence farmers (in the primary sector)
100000 people killed and 138000 injured
Deaths and injuries largely a result of modern buildings collapsing
3.5 million people displaced
Secondary Impacts of Kashmir EQ (2005)
Resulted in fresh landslides due to the epicentre bein near the steep, mountainous region of the Himalayas
Landslides blocked road access - barrier to response (a hard to access)
Torrential rain and hail added to slope stresses
Broken sewage pipes - fast spread of disease and polluted water (giving rise to diseases such as cholera etc)
People died of hypothermia
Primary impact of New Zealand EQ 7.1 Mw (2010)
Major aftershock (6.3 Mw - in 2011) - along a previously unknown fault line 185 killed from CTV building collapsing
Secondary impacts of New Zealand EQ 2010/2011
40 billion dollars in economic loss
Liquefaction leads to infrastructure loss and transport systems collapsing
400000 tonnes of silt
Collapsed CTV building caught fire when pipeline erupted
Schools had to amalgamate
Loss of tourism and finance problems
