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G- P3 Investigation > Uk challenges > Flashcards

Uk challenges Flashcards

1
Q

Define weather

A

The day to day changes in the conditions of the atmosphere

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2
Q

Summarise the global population density

A

It is lowest in north / South America and parts of Russia. Asia and Europe have the highest population density. Africa has a very high and low population density

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3
Q

Define immigration

A

The movement of people migration to UK

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4
Q

Define quality of life

A

The standard of living and people living longer and dying older

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5
Q

Define greenfield site

A

An area of land that has not been built on before

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6
Q

Define under population

A

Not enough people in an area to take advantage of available resources

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7
Q

Define over population

A

Too many people in an area for available resources to sustain

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8
Q

Define optimum population

A

The number of people in an area meets the available resources — allowing for a sustainable standard of living

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9
Q

Define brownfield site

A

An area of land that has been built on before and has existing infrastructure

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10
Q

Define green belt

A

A ring of open countryside around urban areas to stop urban growth

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11
Q

What are the four pressures to population in the Uk?

A

Increasing food production
Increasing need for housing
Increasing need for water
Increasing need for energy

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12
Q

What are the five methods to sustainable transport in the UK?

A

Improving public transport systems
Creating cycle routes and highways
Car-sharing systems
Hybrid or electric cars
Congestion charge

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13
Q

Give the characteristics of improving public transport systems

A
  • making public transport more appealing / available

Pros : Cost effective, reduces emissions, less traffic congestion
Cons: not everyone can access, longer travelling time, limited destinations

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14
Q

Give the characteristics of creating cycle routes

A
  • making cycle lanes along roads to encourage people not to drive

Pros : less cars on road, no emissions, cheaper, healthy lifestyle
Cons: expensive implementing, weather dependant, dangerous, limited routes, low uptake

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15
Q

Give the characteristics of car sharing schemes

A
  • many local authorities can run these where commuters in same workplace can share rises to work

Pros: reducing traffic congestion, reducing emissions, social
Cons: not always on the same route, emitting pollutants, traffic congesting, low uptake

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16
Q

Give characteristics of hybrid or electric cars production

A
  • more people buying these to reduce emissions
    Pros: reduces emissions, less noise pollution, cheaper to run
    Cons : lack of changing infrastructure, expensive to purchase, vulnerable
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17
Q

Give characteristics of congestion charges

A
  • to charge drivers to enter an area e.g London paying £15
    Pros; encourages public transport, less congestion, more money for government
    Cons; effects low income families, increased congestion, reduced income for businesses
18
Q

Define two speed economy

A

The south east ( including London) has a faster rate of growth than the rest of the UK

19
Q

Why is there a difference in weekly earnings in the UK’s south and north?

A

In the north deinstitutionalisation has occurred which influences unemployment.
In the south - London and south east are wealthiest, they are hubs for business and finance. There is also more fertile land here so greater income in agriculture.

20
Q

What are the three solutions to reducing the wealth gap between the north and south of the UK?

A
  • construction of high speed rail links between London and northern cities, making north more attractive
  • northern airports e.g manchester, have improved international links so London isn’t the only major city
  • encouraging the use of smart tickets to make transport easier
21
Q

What are the benefits to building on greenfield sites? (5)

A

Access to development is easier as roads aren’t congested
These haven’t been used so lessens urban sprawl
Originally unoccupied so developers can build as they wish
Lower construction costs as there isn’t anything to remove / renew
Plenty of space for car parking and landscaping

22
Q

What are the disadvantages to building on greenfield sites? (5)

A

Infrastructure like gas, electricity and water won’t be there
Living on edge of city may increase the commute for some people
More difficult planning permission from government
Urban sprawl can lead to disturbance im habitats and wildlife
Complete environmental surveys have to be taken out

23
Q

What are the advantages to building on brownfield sites? (3)

A

Infrastructure like power gas water are already present
Development costs are lower as roads / infrastructure already present
Easier planning permission from government as they actively encourage to use brownfield sites

24
Q

What are the disadvantages to building on brownfield sites? (2)

A

Land costs are higher as it is closer to city centre
Perception of contaminated environment ours off prospective buyers

25
Q

Define emigration

A

Movement out of a country

26
Q

Define net migration

A

Amount of people entering city minus amount of people moving out of city

27
Q

Define disposable income

A

The amount of money a person has after they have paid for necessities

28
Q

Define national park

A

Large area of beautiful countryside which is specially protected to ensure it is sustainable for use for future generations

29
Q

Define sustainable development in national parks

A

Committing to improving quality of life for people using up the required resources rather than all.

30
Q

What are the main reasons why people visit national parks (5)

A

Rejuvenation / scenic
Travel and explore
Tourism
Hunting
Free, exercise, quiet, clean

31
Q

What problems can tourists create in national parks? (7)

A

Destroying habitats / plants
Littering
accidents
Footpath erosion
Overcrowding
Disturbance
BBQs cause fires

32
Q

Define surface runoff

A

Water flows quickly over the ground to get back to river

33
Q

What are the 4 river hard engineering methods?

A

Concrete walls
Raising levees or embankments
Straightening rivers
Dams + reservoirs

34
Q

What are the 3 river soft engineering methods?

A

Washlands, planting trees in drainage basin, floodplain zoning

35
Q

How do storm surges occur?

A

Strong winds pushing the seawater towards the coast, causing an upwelling to pile up there. When there is a high tide more water can pass over dunes and ecosystems causing more disruption

36
Q

What are the hard and soft engineering methods in coasts?

A

Hard -
Permanent flood barriers
Temporary flood barriers
Sea walls
Soft -
Flood warning systems
Managed retreat

37
Q

Define climate

A

The average weather conditions over a long period of time, typically 30 years

38
Q

Define climate change

A

The change away from the average weather conditions over an average of 30 years

39
Q

Give pros to bottom — up schemes (5)

A

Walking to work reduces emissions
Purchasing local foods rather than imported
Recycling waste materials reduces resource consumption
Installing insulation and double glazing so heat loss is reduced
Installation of solar panels to generate energy

40
Q

Give cons to bottom — up schemes (3)

A

Not everyone can walk to work
Installing insulation, double glazing and solar panels can be expensive
Not all shops produce locally

41
Q

State the pros of top — down organisations (3)

A

Governments can launch campaigns to persuade people to recycle and reduce resource consumption
Governments can limit carbon emissions
Cooperation with other countries can provide international aid

42
Q

State the cons of top — down organisations (3)

A

Pressure to increase economic growth
Very difficult to strike a balance between the need fo environmental concern and need to encourage businesses
If cities expand, a greater demand for resources occurs
Climate change can arise from these

G- P3 Investigation (16 decks)

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