Uk challenges Flashcards
Define weather
The day to day changes in the conditions of the atmosphere
Summarise the global population density
It is lowest in north / South America and parts of Russia. Asia and Europe have the highest population density. Africa has a very high and low population density
Define immigration
The movement of people migration to UK
Define quality of life
The standard of living and people living longer and dying older
Define greenfield site
An area of land that has not been built on before
Define under population
Not enough people in an area to take advantage of available resources
Define over population
Too many people in an area for available resources to sustain
Define optimum population
The number of people in an area meets the available resources — allowing for a sustainable standard of living
Define brownfield site
An area of land that has been built on before and has existing infrastructure
Define green belt
A ring of open countryside around urban areas to stop urban growth
What are the four pressures to population in the Uk?
Increasing food production
Increasing need for housing
Increasing need for water
Increasing need for energy
What are the five methods to sustainable transport in the UK?
Improving public transport systems
Creating cycle routes and highways
Car-sharing systems
Hybrid or electric cars
Congestion charge
Give the characteristics of improving public transport systems
- making public transport more appealing / available
Pros : Cost effective, reduces emissions, less traffic congestion
Cons: not everyone can access, longer travelling time, limited destinations
Give the characteristics of creating cycle routes
- making cycle lanes along roads to encourage people not to drive
Pros : less cars on road, no emissions, cheaper, healthy lifestyle
Cons: expensive implementing, weather dependant, dangerous, limited routes, low uptake
Give the characteristics of car sharing schemes
- many local authorities can run these where commuters in same workplace can share rises to work
Pros: reducing traffic congestion, reducing emissions, social
Cons: not always on the same route, emitting pollutants, traffic congesting, low uptake
Give characteristics of hybrid or electric cars production
- more people buying these to reduce emissions
Pros: reduces emissions, less noise pollution, cheaper to run
Cons : lack of changing infrastructure, expensive to purchase, vulnerable
Give characteristics of congestion charges
- to charge drivers to enter an area e.g London paying £15
Pros; encourages public transport, less congestion, more money for government
Cons; effects low income families, increased congestion, reduced income for businesses
Define two speed economy
The south east ( including London) has a faster rate of growth than the rest of the UK
Why is there a difference in weekly earnings in the UK’s south and north?
In the north deinstitutionalisation has occurred which influences unemployment.
In the south - London and south east are wealthiest, they are hubs for business and finance. There is also more fertile land here so greater income in agriculture.
What are the three solutions to reducing the wealth gap between the north and south of the UK?
- construction of high speed rail links between London and northern cities, making north more attractive
- northern airports e.g manchester, have improved international links so London isn’t the only major city
- encouraging the use of smart tickets to make transport easier
What are the benefits to building on greenfield sites? (5)
Access to development is easier as roads aren’t congested
These haven’t been used so lessens urban sprawl
Originally unoccupied so developers can build as they wish
Lower construction costs as there isn’t anything to remove / renew
Plenty of space for car parking and landscaping
What are the disadvantages to building on greenfield sites? (5)
Infrastructure like gas, electricity and water won’t be there
Living on edge of city may increase the commute for some people
More difficult planning permission from government
Urban sprawl can lead to disturbance im habitats and wildlife
Complete environmental surveys have to be taken out
What are the advantages to building on brownfield sites? (3)
Infrastructure like power gas water are already present
Development costs are lower as roads / infrastructure already present
Easier planning permission from government as they actively encourage to use brownfield sites
What are the disadvantages to building on brownfield sites? (2)
Land costs are higher as it is closer to city centre
Perception of contaminated environment ours off prospective buyers
