UK Case Study Flashcards
What are the four employment sectors?
- Primary-Harvesting raw materials (Farming, Quarrying etc)
- Secondary-Processing the raw materials (Manufacturing,Milling etc)
- Tertiary-Service jobs (Restaurants,Shops)
- Quaternary-Tech jobs
How has the UK economy changed?
-Decrease in primary and secondary and increase in tertiary and quaternary
Why has the UK economy changed?
- Deindustrialisation
- Globalisation
- Government policy
What is deindustrialisation?
-The decline in manufacturing and the growth of tertiary and quaternary sectors in response
Why did deindustrialisation occur in the UK?
- Machines replacing people
- LIC’s with cheap labour
- Lack of investment prior
What is globalisation?
-Growth and spread of ideas around the world
What were the three eras of government policy and what did they entail?
- 1945-1975-State run,Not very profitable,Lots of strikes
- 1979-2010-Privatised,Jobs lost,Modern retail
- 2010 onwards-Rebalancing economy,rebuilding manufacturing,more investment
What is a post-industrial economy?
-The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in the service industry
What caused the UK’s post-industrial economy?
- Development of IT
- Services and finances
- Research (especially in universities)
What are business parks and science parks?
- Purpose built areas often on the edge of densely populated locations
- Science parks are often near university sites
- High tech industries are based there
What activities occur in business and science parks?
- Development of IT
- Service industries
- Finance
What companies does the Cambridge Business Park have?
HP, Siemens, Santander, P&G, Accenture, IBM and EE.
What is Torr Quarry?
-A quarry which is set to be landscaped to be more environmentally friendly
How is Torr Quarry going to be made more environmentally friendly?
- Wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
- Limestone features will remain to keep it natural
- 200 acres around it to be landscaped with trees etc
- Regular monitoring of all forms of pollution
- Rail transport minimises disruption
How have rural communities changed?
- Places on the edge of cities are becoming popular so people are moving to the rural areas
- Increases house prices
- Forces young people out of communities leaving an ageing population
- 80% UK car ownership
What are two examples of rural change?
- South Cambridgeshire-Low agriculture employment,City migration etc
- Outer Hebrides-Less working-age people,main industry is sheep farming
How has the UK’s travel infrastructure been developed?
- Road improvements such as the South West super highway
- Railway improvements such as London Crossrail
- Ports like Liverpool 2
- Airports such as Heathrow terminal 5
How are airports important to the UK economy?
- Global Links
- Thousands of jobs and boosts economy
- 300,000 people employed
- 3.6% of UK’s GDP
How have the roads in the UK been improved?
- £15.2 billion invested in over a hundred schemes
- Making the network safer contributing to a 40% decrease in deaths and serious injuries
- Supporting the smooth flow of traffic to keep it moving after accidents etc
What is the North-South Divide?
-The cultural and economic differences in the North of England and the South
What are three aspects that are different between the North and South?
- Government spending per person
- Life expectancy
- Economically successful towns and cities
What are the four methods in an attempt to stop the North-South divide?
- Enterprise Zones
- Science parks in the North
- Transport improvement
- Reintroducing infrastructure
What are Enterprise Zones and what is an example of one?
- Places with amenities such as discounts and fast broadband to encourage businesses to gather there.
- LANCASHIRE LEP- Created new business and over 50,000 jobs.Aims to set up 400 new businesses.
How did Newcastle Helix bring change to the local area?
- Attracted new investment
- Brought high skilled workers
- More money put into the local area due to higher paid jobs.
What is HS2?
-A high speed railway designed to connect around thirty million people going from Manchester and Leeds down to London
What are the benefits of HS2?
- Capacity will take lorries off the road as more space is freed up for freight trains
- Bring more investment into the North
- Low carbon emissions
What is the Toffee factory?
- Located in Newcastle
- Refurbished old factory into luxury offices
- Attracts more business and highly skilled enterprises
- Led to an increase in house prices in the area
How is the UK important in the wider world?
- Commonwealth makes it a global trade and finance centre
- Trades a lot with the EU as well
- Maintains high levels of imports and exports
What is a trade bloc?
An agreement between countries to reduce trade barriers with participating regions.
