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Human Geography > UK Case Study > Flashcards

UK Case Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four employment sectors?

A
  • Primary-Harvesting raw materials (Farming, Quarrying etc)
  • Secondary-Processing the raw materials (Manufacturing,Milling etc)
  • Tertiary-Service jobs (Restaurants,Shops)
  • Quaternary-Tech jobs
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2
Q

How has the UK economy changed?

A

-Decrease in primary and secondary and increase in tertiary and quaternary

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3
Q

Why has the UK economy changed?

A
  • Deindustrialisation
  • Globalisation
  • Government policy
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4
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

-The decline in manufacturing and the growth of tertiary and quaternary sectors in response

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5
Q

Why did deindustrialisation occur in the UK?

A
  • Machines replacing people
  • LIC’s with cheap labour
  • Lack of investment prior
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6
Q

What is globalisation?

A

-Growth and spread of ideas around the world

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7
Q

What were the three eras of government policy and what did they entail?

A
  • 1945-1975-State run,Not very profitable,Lots of strikes
  • 1979-2010-Privatised,Jobs lost,Modern retail
  • 2010 onwards-Rebalancing economy,rebuilding manufacturing,more investment
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8
Q

What is a post-industrial economy?

A

-The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in the service industry

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9
Q

What caused the UK’s post-industrial economy?

A
  • Development of IT
  • Services and finances
  • Research (especially in universities)
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10
Q

What are business parks and science parks?

A
  • Purpose built areas often on the edge of densely populated locations
  • Science parks are often near university sites
  • High tech industries are based there
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11
Q

What activities occur in business and science parks?

A
  • Development of IT
  • Service industries
  • Finance
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12
Q

What companies does the Cambridge Business Park have?

A

HP, Siemens, Santander, P&G, Accenture, IBM and EE.

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13
Q

What is Torr Quarry?

A

-A quarry which is set to be landscaped to be more environmentally friendly

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14
Q

How is Torr Quarry going to be made more environmentally friendly?

A
  • Wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
  • Limestone features will remain to keep it natural
  • 200 acres around it to be landscaped with trees etc
  • Regular monitoring of all forms of pollution
  • Rail transport minimises disruption
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15
Q

How have rural communities changed?

A
  • Places on the edge of cities are becoming popular so people are moving to the rural areas
  • Increases house prices
  • Forces young people out of communities leaving an ageing population
  • 80% UK car ownership
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16
Q

What are two examples of rural change?

A
  • South Cambridgeshire-Low agriculture employment,City migration etc
  • Outer Hebrides-Less working-age people,main industry is sheep farming
17
Q

How has the UK’s travel infrastructure been developed?

A
  • Road improvements such as the South West super highway
  • Railway improvements such as London Crossrail
  • Ports like Liverpool 2
  • Airports such as Heathrow terminal 5
18
Q

How are airports important to the UK economy?

A
  • Global Links
  • Thousands of jobs and boosts economy
  • 300,000 people employed
  • 3.6% of UK’s GDP
19
Q

How have the roads in the UK been improved?

A
  • £15.2 billion invested in over a hundred schemes
  • Making the network safer contributing to a 40% decrease in deaths and serious injuries
  • Supporting the smooth flow of traffic to keep it moving after accidents etc
20
Q

What is the North-South Divide?

A

-The cultural and economic differences in the North of England and the South

21
Q

What are three aspects that are different between the North and South?

A
  • Government spending per person
  • Life expectancy
  • Economically successful towns and cities
22
Q

What are the four methods in an attempt to stop the North-South divide?

A
  • Enterprise Zones
  • Science parks in the North
  • Transport improvement
  • Reintroducing infrastructure
23
Q

What are Enterprise Zones and what is an example of one?

A
  • Places with amenities such as discounts and fast broadband to encourage businesses to gather there.
  • LANCASHIRE LEP- Created new business and over 50,000 jobs.Aims to set up 400 new businesses.
24
Q

How did Newcastle Helix bring change to the local area?

A
  • Attracted new investment
  • Brought high skilled workers
  • More money put into the local area due to higher paid jobs.
25
Q

What is HS2?

A

-A high speed railway designed to connect around thirty million people going from Manchester and Leeds down to London

26
Q

What are the benefits of HS2?

A
  • Capacity will take lorries off the road as more space is freed up for freight trains
  • Bring more investment into the North
  • Low carbon emissions
27
Q

What is the Toffee factory?

A
  • Located in Newcastle
  • Refurbished old factory into luxury offices
  • Attracts more business and highly skilled enterprises
  • Led to an increase in house prices in the area
28
Q

How is the UK important in the wider world?

A
  • Commonwealth makes it a global trade and finance centre
  • Trades a lot with the EU as well
  • Maintains high levels of imports and exports
29
Q

What is a trade bloc?

A

An agreement between countries to reduce trade barriers with participating regions.

Human Geography (7 decks)

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