Low Incomes (countries,people,favelas etc) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Brandt Line?

A

A line that separates the north and southern hemisphere when it comes to economic development.

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2
Q

Why is the Brandt Line no longer as relevant?

A

There has been a lot of development in southern countries since the 1980’s,Brazil and China are both now NEE’s. Also there were exceptions to begin with with Australia.

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3
Q

Why have NEE’s grown?

A
  • Strong Stable Governments
  • Moving away from agriculture
  • Focus on trade
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4
Q

What are the two causes of urban growth?

A
  • Natural increase due to better health care ,safer lives and lower death rate.
  • Rural to urban migration
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5
Q

Name one pull and one push factor for rural to urban migration.

A
  • Push Factors: Poor security, War, Weather Hazards and Poverty
  • Pull Factors: Stable Government ,Employment and services
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6
Q

What are the effects of rural to urban migration?

A
  • Rapid migration results in squatter settlements
  • Poor living conditions due to overcrowding
  • Pollution and disease
  • Lots of employment in the informal sector or cheap labor in factories
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7
Q

What is a Shanty Town?

A

-Self built towns made of poor and unstable materials, often without permission from the government

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8
Q

Name two problems of Shanty towns.

A
  • Overcrowding
  • Poor and limited public transport
  • Fires due to dodgy electrics and unsafe materials
  • Competition for Jobs
  • Lack of space and poor infrastructure
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9
Q

Why do Shanty towns form?

A

-Rapid rural to urban migration causes a lot of impoverished people to need housing quickly

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10
Q

What percentage of the population of Rio live in Favelas?

A

19%

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11
Q

What are the social challenges?

A
  • Houses are poor quality and the people living there have no legal rights
  • No town planning so amenities are poor and almost non existent
  • Car ownership has increased and favela roads are often just dirt tracks. Pollution is bad as well
  • Few Schools
  • High levels of illness ,disease and crime
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12
Q

What are the economic challenges?

A
  • Poverty. There is a large gap between the rich and the poor in Rio
  • Employment mostly in the informal sector
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13
Q

What are the environmental challenges?

A
  • Urban sprawl which encroaches on countryside
  • Pollution from traffic congestion
  • Waste disposal isn’t organised appropriately
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14
Q

What are the economic opportunities?

A

-Favelas have their own economy

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15
Q

What is the Favela Bairro Project?

A

Set up in the 1990’s to help improve life in the favelas instead of demolishing with things funding like electricity,sewage systems,rubbish collection and public transport

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16
Q

What ways have Favelas been improved?

A
  • Self help schemes with proper building materials
  • Transport schemes
  • New towns to move Favela residents out of