UK

Question 1

Effect of Geography

Answer 1

Has high capacity and sovereignty because it is an island with little standing geographic threats. Mostly internal conflict.

Question 2

The WORD of the UK

Answer 2

Gradualism

Question 3

Legitimacy

Answer 3

Traditional

Question 4

Constitution of the Crown

Answer 4

a collection of documents used instead of a set constitution (Magna Carta, Petition of Right, English Bill of Rights)

Question 5

Magna Carta

Answer 5

Not exactly creating a democracy but it is a step in the right direction (protects the land and people from unfair monarchy)

Question 6

MAJOR POINT

Answer 6

early establishment of parliament allowed Britain to have a mixed monarchy. Avoided absolutism and paved the way to modernity.

Question 7

Religious Cleavage

Answer 7

1. Geography (EX: Ireland = Catholic)
2. Top-Down Reform (EX: Henry VIII)
3. British Institution (EX: Anglican)

Question 8

Parliament Act of 1911

Answer 8

Supremacy of the House of Commons was established by limiting legislation-blocking powers of the House of Lords

Question 9

Parliament Act of 1949

Answer 9

HOC further limited the power of the HOL by reducing the time they could delay bills (specifically public bills) (went from two years to one year)

Question 10

Westminster

Answer 10

Building that houses the HOL and HOC

Question 11

3 Parts of Parliament

Answer 11

1. King/Queen (Crown-in-Parliament)
2. House of Commons
3. House of Lords

Question 12

The Crown

Answer 12

all of the governing power: “the state”, jurisprudence, legislative, executive, commonwealth, Rule of Law, the sovereign

Question 13

Head of State

Answer 13

Representative in foreign affairs, President/King, symbol of unity, may not have power

Question 14

Head of Government

Answer 14

elected official that has actual power, makes law, executive in parliament and is in charge of the operations of government

Question 15

Advantages of a hereditary Head of State

Answer 15

Consistency, Predictability, Unity, Legitimacy

Question 16

Public response to the monarchy and prime minister

Answer 16

people are more connected to the monarchy since they are seen as a representative of their country while the PM is not

Question 17

Cabinet

Answer 17

21 senior members of the government (22 w/ PM)

Advisors, policy-makers
more likely to be from HOC

Question 18

Treasury

Answer 18

Prime minister and finance minister who handle all economic and financial matters (highest ranked cabinet member)

Question 19

House of Commons

Answer 19

• 650 MPs
• 5 year terms, no term
  limit
• Direct election by the
  people

Question 20

Question Time (HOC)

Answer 20

feature of most parliamentary systems where the PM &Cabinet are asked questions they are obliged to answer

Question 21

Roles of the HOC

Answer 21

• Discuss and debate
• Represent
• Hold the government accountable
• make and review laws

Question 22

Scrutiny

Answer 22

a close examination and investigation of government policies done by a committee in both houses

Question 23

House of Lords

Answer 23

• originally used to advise nobles
• around 800 members
• either lifetime term or a single, non-renewable term of 15 yrs

Question 24

Changes in HOL 1958

Answer 24

women were allowed and hereditary chairs were (mostly) stopped

Question 25

Selection of the HOL

Answer 25

80% selected by a committee, 20% appointed

Question 26

Roles of the HOL

Answer 26

• question and challenge the government’s work
• work with the HOC to shape laws
• discuss issues through committees/debates

Question 27

HOL Crossbenchers

Answer 27

member of a independent/minor party that could side with either the government or opposition

Question 28

Dignified Branch

Answer 28

to win the people’s loyalty by putting on a show (monarchy)

Question 29

Efficient Branch

Answer 29

uses the loyalty to run the country (PM, cabinet, government ministries)

Question 30

Prime Minister

Answer 30

• Head of government
• chairs the cabinet
• must have “commands the confidence” to have office

Question 31

PM + Sovereign

Answer 31

Pm meets up with the Sovereign regularly to give advice

Asks the Sovereign for permission to form a government in the majesty’s name

Question 32

10 Downing Street

Answer 32

PM residence and office

Question 33

How a bill becomes a law

Answer 33

• Green Paper (created by committee) proposed the law
• Green Paper is debated
• White Paper is published (more detailed GP)
• White Paper is debated
• Turned into bill
• Bill is debated by HOC and HOL
• Goes to sovereign for Royal Assent to become an Act of Parliament

Question 34

Fixed Term Parliament Act of 2011

Answer 34

• Elections held every 5 years
• weakened PM power to call elections

Question 35

Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022

Answer 35

• Repealed the FTP Act of 2011
  -Reinstated the prior constitutional situation
• Restored power to PM to host a general election
• Created MP terms (5 yrs)
• Monarchy could summon or dissolve parliament