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AP GOV UNIT 2 > IRAN > Flashcards

IRAN Flashcards

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1
Q

Word #1

A

Submission

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2
Q

Legitimacy

A

All 3 together - a bit shaded together legitimacy types

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3
Q

Word #2

A

Synthesis

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4
Q

Word #3

A

Duality

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5
Q

Zoroastroianism

A

struggle between good and evil / truth and lies

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6
Q

The First Synthesis

A

The fusion of Zoroastrianism and imperial politics fostered a bureaucratic government style (positive rule, not forceful)

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7
Q

BIG Change / Second Synthesis

A

Change: Arab conquest of Persia caused the decline of Zoroastrianism

SS: Islam was not crazy because Persians were used to monotheism, but the big culture shock was the reliance on religious leaders, not shahs

OVERALL: Intro. to Islam

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8
Q

Comparative Corner

A

Both Iranians and Russians “submit” to authority and authoritarian strength

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9
Q

Reza Shah Pahlavi (Pahlavi Dynasty)

A
  • focused on the previous Persia before the Arabic transformation
  • changed name to Iran in 1935
  • industrial reform; first railroad system
  • constitutional monarchy
  • military; iron fisted
  • questions of legitimacy
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10
Q

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi - “The Shah”

A
  • took the throne in 1941
  • Secular
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11
Q

Operation Ajax

A
  • UK and US covert forces staged a coup against Iran PM since they were concerned that he was too communist leaning
  • Ensured Western control of Iran’s [petroleum] (stopped USSR from competing for it)
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12
Q

Operation AJAX Concerns

A

Shah’s regime was full of corruption and political prisoners, and that was the person the Western World was supporting - not real legitimacy

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13
Q

Ayatollah

A

ranking title in Islamic world for those proficient in Islamic studies - Shi’ah restrictions

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14
Q

Ruhollah Khomeini

A

The leader of the Shah opposition who returned from exile in France to lead the Iranian Revolution

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15
Q

Iran Revolution Basics

A

Ayatollah Khomeini’s supporters overturned the Shah’s power and was successful since the military was not 100% loyal to Shah

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16
Q

Iran Revolution Significance

A

Iranians approved a nation referendum where Iran became an Islamic Republic (Theocracy)

17
Q

Fate of the Shah

A

Was not in Iran during the Revolution but only found safety in Egypt since no country wanted to foster him. The “friendships” with the US slowly died. He died.

18
Q

Iran Iraq War

A
  • Iraq invaded Iran because of border disputes
  • no one benefitted and it was not worth the death for the outcome
19
Q

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

A

2nd Supreme Leader
- was President until Khomeini’s death
- Muslim cleric

20
Q

Supreme Leader

A
  • both executive and judiciary powers
  • he is the link between the other branches
  • lifetime appointment
    -unelected

POWERS:
- “determine the interests of Islam”
- can dismiss elected President
- directs TV
- appoints a lot of people

21
Q

Guardianship of the Jurist

A

not a democracy, but designed to embrace the will of Allah (to be the will of the people but ALSO the will of Allah)

  • Khomeini expanded this guardianship
22
Q

Expediency Discernment Council

A
  • advisory council to the S.L.
  • picked by the S.L every 5 years
  • currently 35 members
  • meets in secret to initiate legislation and resolve conflicts between the elected Majlis and unelected Guardian Council
23
Q

Elected Government

A
  • President
  • Majlis (Legislation)
  • Assembly of Religious Experts
24
Q

Unelected Government

A
  • Supreme Leader
  • Expediency Council
  • Guardian Council
  • Judiciary
  • Cabinet
    -Bonyads
    -Revolutionary Guard (Military)
25
Q

Guardian Council

A
  • 12 member council
  • 6 year term, system where half is changed every 3 years
  • interprets the Islamic constitution
  • Approves/vetos Majlis legislation
  • Approves candidates for elected office

“Guards the Islamic Constitution in Government”

26
Q

Guardian Council (Membership Requirements)

A

6 must be faqihs (experts on Islamic Law appointed by S.L.) and 6 must be elected by Majlis after Chief Justice recommendation

27
Q

Bonyads

A

Charitable religious organizations (tax exempt)
- massive employer that has extensive policy influence
- directors appointed by S.L.
- take donations and do shady stuff with it
- “helps the regime, not the poor”
- corruption and spoils system

28
Q

President

A

-Head of Government
- 4 year term, 2 term max
- appoints VP and Cabinet
- must be approved by S.L. and the Guardian Council

  • Supervises the economy
  • proposes legislation and budgets
  • appoints governors and mayors
  • must be Iranian born and nationality
  • good clean record
  • APPROVED
29
Q

Council of Ministers (Cabinet)

A

selected by the President with legislative approval
- S.L. has some control over appointments to the more sensitive ministries

30
Q

Majlis (Islamic Parliament)

A
  • 290 members
  • unicameral
  • 4 year term, no term limit
  • enacts secular law
  • approves/removes cabinet
  • appoints half of Guardian Council
  • can approve budgets and treaties
  • NOT INDEPENDENT

AP GOV UNIT 2 (8 decks)

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