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Clin path > Ugh > Flashcards

Ugh Flashcards

1
Q

Corrected Leukocyte count

A

When you see nRBC

=total WBC count from machinex (100/100+nRBC)

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2
Q

Causes of large platelets

A

Cavalier, response to thrombocytopenia

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3
Q

Ghost cells sign of

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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4
Q

Heinz Bodies causes

A

Garlic, onion, acetaminophen

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5
Q

New Methylene Blue stain in cats

A

Helps show Heinz bodies and aggregate reticulocytes

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6
Q

Pappenheimer bodies

A

Iron inclusions

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7
Q

Acanthocyte causes

A

Hemangiosarcoma, liver disease, fragment anemia

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8
Q

Lymphocytosis in blood smear causes

A

lymphoid neoplasia, Ehrlichia

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9
Q

Pelger- Huet

A

hyposegmented neuts with eosinophilic like staining.

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10
Q

Epithelial cell characteristics

A

High N:C ratio, polygonal shape, stuck together

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11
Q

Cryptococcus

A

cat- nasal discharge, star burst

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12
Q

Histiocytoma looks like

A

Fried egg appearance round cell

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13
Q

SCC appearance

A

glassy blue mesenchymal

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14
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

yellow/brown radiating outwards. Horses

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15
Q

Ammonium biurate

A

yellow/brown with spindles. Dog.

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16
Q

Candida

A

Most common fungal organism in urine

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17
Q

Erythrocytosis types

A

Relative vs absolute
Relative- dehydrated
Absolute- hypoxia, increased erythropoiten

18
Q

BUN affected by

A

Kidney or ammonia cycle with the liver.

19
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Upper GI obstruction

20
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Cow: Dietary decrease or metabolic alkalosis (switches with protons)

21
Q

Proportional Na and Cl

A

Mid point of Na reference interval/ Na number= R
Rx Cl number= X
Must be in range of Cl reference to be proportional?
If in range, changes are due to maintaining electroneutrality.

22
Q

Isosthenuria

A

1.008-1.012

23
Q

Max concentrations

A

Cat- 1.045
Dog- 1.030
Cow- 1.025

24
Q

Alkalosis + hypoCa

A

Albumin is negatively charged. When there is less acid to bind to albumin, Ca will bind instead.

25
Q

Serum osmolality contributors/ why do we measure

A

Sodium, glucose, BUN

We measure because DKA and ethylene glycol can cause an increase

26
Q

Paradoxic aciduria path

A

GI obstruction causes metabolic alkalosis- something about urinating K to maintain sodium/water, but there is none so you pump out H+ instead= acidotic urine

27
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Due to GI obstruction- RAAS- increase Sodium retention/ water and decrease K

28
Q

Fibrinogen

A

positive acute phase protein- inflammation

29
Q

Toxicity

A

Neutrophils, changes to cytoplasm. Sent out too soon.

30
Q

Causes of sepsis in calves

A

umbilicus, joint, pneumonia, GI

31
Q

CK affected by

A

leakage enzyme, muscle damage

32
Q

When worried about soft tissue mineralization

A

KxP of >70. Okay in infants

33
Q

HyperMg

A

Dehydration

34
Q

Increase GGT calf

A

Should be greater than 200 due to colostrum. (TP should be greater than 5)
Horse colostrum has low GGT

35
Q

Anion gap reference range

A

10-20, what is going on with our unmeasured values?

36
Q

Anion gap

A

(Na+K)- (Cl+ bicarb) so cations- anions

37
Q

Anion gap unmeasured values

A

Cation: Mg, Ca, globulin
Anions: Albumin and SKULE (salicylate?, ketones, uremic acids, lactate, ethylene glycol)

38
Q

AG: secretional vs Titrational acidosis

A

Secretional: losing bicarb though diarrhea, but increase in Cl to maintain AG
Titrational: Increase in unmeasured values to cause an increase in AG, but lose bircarb to try to maintain

39
Q

DIC signs

A

Thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen

40
Q

hypercholestrolemia

A

Familial, cushing, DM, hypothyroid, nephrotic syndrome

41
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

severe hypercholestrolemia, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema/effusion

42
Q

albumin, when see edema?

A

<2 maybe <1 yes

Clin path (3 decks)

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