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Clin path > Meh > Flashcards

Meh Flashcards

1
Q

antithrombin 3

A

“Do not coagulate” Works on 9, 10, 2

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2
Q

Plasmin

A

“Too much fibrin, degrade this” Works on fibrin- fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen, crosslinked fibrin- D -dimers.

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3
Q

2 and 13 coagulation factor

A

2: prothrombin to thrombin
13: Fibrin stabilization factor

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4
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

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5
Q

HyperCa

A 
HOGS IN YARD 
HyperPTH
Osteolytic lesions
granulomatous dz
Spurius 
Idiopathic
Neoplasia
Youth
Addisions
Renal 
Vit D Tox
Hypothermia
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6
Q

Hyperparathyroidism neoplasia

A

neuroendocrine. HyperCa causes tubules to become unresponsive to ADH. PTH test should be normal to high with hyperCA

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7
Q

Low urine specific gravity

A

HyperCa, cushings, diuretics, endotoxin release, low Na, hyperglycemia,

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8
Q

Horse hypertriglycermia

A

Indicates anorexia.

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9
Q

Elevated T bilirubin

A

anorexia, sepsis, liver dz, hemolysis

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10
Q

Decrease P

A

GI or renal dz

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11
Q

Increase ammonia

A

Liver or GI dz

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12
Q

Transudate

A

<2.5 protein <1500 (<5000 horse) Mononuclear cells predominate (neuts in horse)

Protein loss, venous/ lymphatic hypertension, earl uroabdomen

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13
Q

Exudate

A

> 3 protein >5-7k (>10k horses). Neutrophils predominate

Inflammatory and infectious

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14
Q

Modified Transudate

A

> 2.5 protein and/or 1500-5000 <10k horses

Due to chronicity

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15
Q

Hyperglobulinemia

A

Multiple myeloma, tick dz. Can caused rouleaux, decreases in electrolytes,
Hyper viscosity syndrome- platelets coated with proteins so can’t coagulate

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16
Q

Purple top contamination

A

EDTA

Chem: HyperK, hypoCa, low bicarb

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17
Q

Reticulocyte types in cats

A

Punctates: 10-12d
Aggregates: hours
Machine counts aggregates

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18
Q

Leukemoid Reaction

A

WBC >50k

mimic neoplasia, neut predominate, high bone marrow store, bacterial infection or highly vascular tissue

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19
Q

Blood film steps

A

scan at 10x for microfilaria
40x- predominant WBC, count, toxicity,
100x- platelet and RBC morph

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20
Q

Basket cells

A

lysed cells

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21
Q

Toxic changes in neuts

A

Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, basophilic, foamy cytoplasm

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22
Q

RDW

A

Anisocytosis

23
Q

Ecchinocytes

A

artifact, snake bite electrolyte abnormal, kidney dz

24
Q

Thrombocytopenia causes

A

Increased consumption, decreased production, sequestration, increased destruction,

25
Q

Severe hyperproteinemia

A

FIP, stomatitis, Rickettsia, ehrlichia

26
Q

Rouleux

A

normal in cats, horses, pigs

27
Q

Spherocytes

A

IM, snake bites

28
Q

MCV

A

cytic

29
Q

MCHC

A

Chromic

30
Q

hemoglobinuria

A

intravascular hemolysis- ghost cells

31
Q

Evan’s Syndrome

A

rare autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys the body’s red blood cells , white blood cells and/or platelets.

32
Q

Onco patients

A

Are neuts normal?

Threshold >2k

33
Q

Absolute erythrocytes types

A

Primary- (body didn’t ask for more) polycythemia vera.
Secondary- (body asked for more)
-appropriate: R to L shunt, altitude, hyperthyroid,
-inappropriate: renal carcinoma or cyst,

34
Q

Dog stress leukogram

A

SMILED
segs and monocytes increased
lymphs and eosinophils decreased

35
Q

Eosinophilia

A

WWW

Worms, wheezes, and weird diseases (mast, lymphoma)

36
Q

Kidney values

A

P, Cr, BUN

37
Q

Low Cl

A

with gastric vomiting

38
Q

HIgh AG

A

primary disturbance, metabolic acidosis

39
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes

A

KILU

Ketones, indigestables (ethylene glycol, aspirin), lactate, uremic acids

40
Q

HypoCa

A 
Harpisale
hypoPT, secondary hyperPT
Hypoalbumin
Renal dz
Phosphoris, pancreatitis, 
Ingestion oxalate, intestinal, 
Spurious, steroids, sepsis 
Lactation 
Ethylene glycol
41
Q

Cholestatic enzymes

A

GGT, ALP

42
Q

Urinalysis when

A

First thing in the morning. Highest concentration and usually lower pH

43
Q

Urinalysis procedure

A

keep 1 Ml of unspun urine.
5mL - 5 min at 500g
Remove 4mL- use for specific gravity
Resuspend pellet in remaining 1mL- 20% original volume prepare stained and unstained slide preps. Stain with diff quick

44
Q

pH dipstick

A

pH becomes more alkaline with age

45
Q

Glucose renal threshold

A

Most species its 180mg/dL
Feline 280
Bovine 100

46
Q

Ketones- dipstick

A

doesn’t pick up Beta-hydroxybutrate which also makes the most ketones.

47
Q

Bilirubin on dipstick

A

male dog, concentrated urine- small amounts may be normal. Light sensitive.

48
Q

Urinalysis count

A

Epithelial cells- #/LPF (10x)
Casts same
Leuk and erythro- #/HPF 40x

49
Q

Alcohol- staining procedure

A

leave in for 2 minutes

50
Q

Lymph Node

A

Want small lymphocytes to predominate
Can have blood contamination
Mast cells can be in LN.

51
Q

Reactive LN

A

Seeing increased numbers of mast and eosinophils. Reactive small lymphocytes.

52
Q

Fluid analysis

A

EDTA/purple. Preserves cells and bacteriostatic. Also send a slide- differentiate from changes occurring in the tube. Can’t leave slides in the refrigerator- leave at room temperature.

53
Q

Chemistry analysis

A

Red top

54
Q

CBC analysis

A

Purple top

Clin path (3 decks)

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