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Clin path > MRMRMR > Flashcards

MRMRMR Flashcards

1
Q

Blood smear samples

A

EDTA- doesn’t interfere with cell morph or staining

Unstained can smears can wait days, not when stained. Keep slides at room temperature

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2
Q

Most common cause of proteinuria

A

UTI

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3
Q

Blood film evaluation components

A

platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes

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4
Q

Blood smear zones

A

thick/body, monolayer, feathered edge

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5
Q

Feathered edge

A

Platelet clumps, large abnormal cells, heartworm microfilaria

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6
Q

Regenerative anemia associated with

A

Blood loss or hemolysis. Howell Jolly bodies can be a sign

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7
Q

Non-regenerative anemia associated with

A

Decreased erythropoiesis in bone marrow

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8
Q

Polychromatophils

A

aggregate reticulocytes

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9
Q

Strong regenerative response in non/ slightly anemic patient

A

Hereditary enzyme deficiencies, shortened RBC life, hypoxia

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10
Q

Hemolysis

A

Normal TP, hemoglobinemia/uria, icterus, splenomegaly, heinz, eccentrocytes, schist, Keratocytes, spherocytes, eythroparasites

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11
Q

Hypochromasia in dogs

A

iron deficiency

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12
Q

Spherocytes

A

Heinz body anemia, zinc tox, blood transfusion, vasculitis, DIC

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13
Q

Keratocytes

A

Physical or chemical injury to cells, iron def, oxidative damage, vasculitis

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14
Q

Echinocytes

A

Renal disease, electrolyte disorders, chemo, lymphoma, venom

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15
Q

Schistocytes

A

Intravascular trauma, DIC, hemangiosarc, HW

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16
Q

Schist and keratocytes

A

Severe iron def, glomerulonephritis, liver disease, heart failure

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17
Q

Acanthocytes

A

Hepatic lipidosis, altered lipid metabolism, hemangiosarc

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18
Q

Heinz Bodies

A

Denatured hemoglobin resulting from oxidative damage. Hyperthyroid, lymphoma, DM, onions, garlic, propylene glycol, acetaminophen

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19
Q

eccentrocytes

A

Oxidative injury. Same differentials as Heinz

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20
Q

Howell Jolly Bodies

A

Nuclear remnants- increased numbers associated with increased hematopoiesis or splenic dysfxn

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21
Q

Basophilic Stippling

A

Intensely regenerative anemia. In absence of regen anemia, sign of lead poisoning

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22
Q

Rouleaux

A

enhanced by increases in plasma proteins

23
Q

Agglutination

A

Adhere to each other in grape-like clusters. Antibody mediated bridging

24
Q

Left shift with toxic change

A

Severe inflammatory process. Left shift- increase in bands

25
Q

Apocrine cyst

A

Low cellularity

26
Q

Follicular cyst, epidermal cyst inclusion

A

Mature, keratinized squamous epithelial cells, amorphous basophilic cellular debris, cholesterol cystals

27
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

Low cellularity with amorphous basophilic secretory material

28
Q

Purulent/ suppurative/ neutrophilic inflammation.

A

Neutrophils predominate >85%. Degen (bacterial) vs nondegen (IM)

29
Q

Karyolysis

A

Swollen, pale nucleus

30
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

Nucleus fragmented into small pieces

31
Q

Pyknosis

A

Condensed into one or two large spheres

32
Q

Non-septic neutrophilic inflammation

A

Foreign bodies, furunculosis, insect, IM

33
Q

Pyogranulomatous inflammation

A

> 15% macrophages. Fungal, foreign, furunculosis,

34
Q

Eosinophilic inflammation

A

> 15% eosinophils. Mast cell tumors, pythiosis, lymphoid neoplasia

35
Q

Anisokaryosis

A

Varying sizes of nuclear size

36
Q

Pleomorphism

A

variability in cell and nuclear shape.

37
Q

Mesothelial cells

A

can be seen in pleural effusions

38
Q

Epithelial neoplasm

A

carcinoma

39
Q

mesenchymal

A

sarcoma

40
Q

Round cell neoplasia

A

Lymphoma, plasma cell, mast, histiocytic, TVT, melenoma

41
Q

Neuroendocrine neoplasia

A

Carotid/aortic bodies, endocrine glands

42
Q

LN population

A

75-90% small lymphocytes

43
Q

Reactive LN

A

Small well differentiated lymphocytes. Increased number of larger lymph, plasma. Fungal, bacterial, rickesttsial, viral, autoimmune

44
Q

lymphadenitis

A

Categorized by type of inflammation.

Neutrophilic (>5), eosinophilic (>3), pyogranulomatous (fungal, mycobact)

45
Q

lymphoma LN

A

suspected when 30% lymphoblasts

46
Q

lymphedema

A

Obstruction of lymphatics- increased amount of clear to slightly cloudy fluid. Low cellularity

47
Q

Effusion sampling

A

EDTA tube with red top aliquot. Underfilled EDTA can cause an increase in protein numbers. Refrigerate

48
Q

Effusion classifications and parameters

A

Pure transudate, mod. Transudate, exudate.

Total protein, cell counts, and cytologic appearance

49
Q

Pure transudate

A

Altered physiologic mechanisms. Hypoproteinemia, venous hypertension, and decreased drainage by lymphatics. Hypoalbuminemia <1
Protein less than 2.5 and less than 1k nucleated cells. Monocytes predominate.
Can be seen in uroperitoneum (mimics transudate with neut predom)

50
Q

Mod. Transudate

A

Vascular fluids leak out of normal vessels. Carries high protein count. Caused by obstruction of venous or lymphatic drainage.
2.5-5 and 500-5k nucleated cells. Majority mononuclear
Congestive heart failure

51
Q

Exudates

A

Septic or nonseptic. Result of increased vascular permeability and inflammation
>3 and above 5k. Neutrophils predominate.

52
Q

Nonseptic exudate

A

any mod. Transudate can progress to this.

Uroperitoneum, bile peritonitis, FIP

53
Q

Hemorrhagic Effusion

A

Must be distinguished from iatrogenic blood- impossible when occurring less than 45 minutes. Will not clot or have platelets. Reactive macrophages.

54
Q

Chylous Effusion

A

Protein count similar to mod. Transudates. Triglyceride count >100. Lymphocytes predominate pop. Feline HW dz

Clin path (3 decks)

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