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Musculoskeletal I > UE Tests > Flashcards

UE Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the locking position/ quadrant position special test.

A
  • Patient supine
  • Hand cups posterior scapula with fingers over the shoulder, and forearm blocking the axillary border
  • Internal rotate the shoulder near maximally and flex the elbow
  • Extend the shoulder slightly
  • Abduct to end range
    • Assess pain/ discomfort **
  • Externally rotate from IR
    • Assess “hill” created, and pain/ discomfort **
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2
Q

What are 3 tests for shoulder impingement?

A
  • Rent test
  • Supine impingement
  • Empty can test
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3
Q

Describe the rent test.

A
  • Patient short seated
  • Extend shoulder and flex elbow
  • Palpate anterior to acromion
  • Slowly IR and ER shoulder feeling for greater tuberosity, and a “rent” or groove of 1 finger breadth that may be present if there is a tear.
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4
Q

Describe the supine impingement test.

A
  • Patient supine
  • Shoulder abducted to end range
  • Externally rotate the arm, and abduct towards patient’s ear
    • Internally rotate arm; Observe for increased pain in shoulder **
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5
Q

Describe the empty can test.

A
  • Patient flexes arms to 90 degrees while horizontally abducted in the plane of the scapula
  • Overpressure downwardly directed, while patient resists
    • Assess pain or weakness **
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6
Q

What are two tests for the subscapularis?

A
  • Lift-off test

- IR Lag sign

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7
Q

Describe the lift-off test.

A
  • Patient sitting
  • Shoulder extended and IR with the elbow flexed so that the dorsal aspect of the hand lies on the patient’s back
    • Ask patient to lift hand off back; Inability to do so indicates subscap problem **
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8
Q

Describe the IR lag sign.

A
  • Pt short sitting
  • Arm behind back as in lift-off test
  • Lift Pt hand off back
  • Ask patient to hold position
    • If Pt hand drifts into ER, the test is positive for a subscap problem **
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9
Q

What does the drop arm test test?

A
  • Supraspinatus
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10
Q

Describe the drop arm test.

A
  • Pt standing with PT in front of Pt
  • Passively abduct to 90 degrees
  • Pt slowly lowers arm
    • If patient cannot lower arm in controlled manner, the test is positive **
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11
Q

What are 3 tests for the infraspinatus/ teres minor?

A
  • External rotation lag sign
  • Hornblower’s sisgn
  • Drop sign
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12
Q

Describe ER lag sign.

A
  • Pt seated with PT to rear of Pt
  • Elbow flexed 90 degrees
  • Shoulder abducted 20 degrees in plane of scapula
  • Passively ER shoulder to endrange
  • Ask patient to hold
    • If Pt cannot hold, the test is positive **
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13
Q

Describe drop sign.

A
  • Pt seated with PT to rear
  • Elbow is 90 degrees blexion, shoulder 90 degrees abduction in scapular plane
  • Passively ER to endrange
  • Ask Pt to hold position
    • Assess ability to maintain ER **
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14
Q

Which test is specific for teres minor?

A

Hornblower’s sign.

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15
Q

Describe hornblower’s sign.

A
  • Pt seated with PT to rear
  • Elbow flexed 90 degrees
  • Shoulder abducted 90 degrees
  • Pt ER against resistance
    • Assess ability to hold ER **
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16
Q

What is a test for a rotator cuff tear or posterior impingement?

A
  • Posterior impingement sign
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17
Q

Describe posterior impingement sign.

A
  • Pt supine
  • Shoulder 90 - 110 degrees abducted
  • 10 - 15 degrees shoulder extension
  • Max ER of shoulder
    • Assess pain **
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18
Q

What is a test for internal impingement?

A
  • IR Resisted Strength Test
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19
Q

Describe IR resisted strength test.

A
  • Pt stands with PT to rear
  • 90 degrees shoulder abduction
  • 80 degrees shoulder ER
  • 90 degrees elbow flexion
  • Test resisted IR and ER
    • If ER > IR, test is positive for internal impingement **
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20
Q

What is a test for a SLAP lesion?

A
  • Biceps load II
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21
Q

Describe the Biceps Load II.

A
  • Pt supine with PT to involved side
  • 120 degrees shoulder abduction
  • 90 degrees elbow FLX
  • Forearm full SUP
  • Move shoulder to end range ER
  • Pt performs resisted elbow flexion
    • Assess pain **
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22
Q

What are tests for labral lesions/ long head of biceps pathology?

A
  • Yergason’s test
  • Crank test
  • Kim test
  • Jerk test
  • Speed’s test
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23
Q

Describe yergason’s test.

A
  • Pt seated or standing with PT to front
  • 90 degrees elbow FLX
  • Full PRN
  • Arm at side
  • Resisted supination
    • Assess pain in bicipital groove **
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24
Q

What does a crank test test?

A
  • Labral tear

- SLAP lesion

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25
Q

Describe the crank test.

A
  • Pt sitting or supine with PT to involved side
  • 160 degrees shoulder scaption
  • 90 degrees elbow FLX
  • Compression through humerus
  • IR and ER to attempt to pinch torn labrum
    • Assess pain with or w/o clicking in shoulder **
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26
Q

What does a Kim test test?

A
  • Posterioinferior labral lesion
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27
Q

Describe the Kim test.

A
  • Pt seated with back support with PT on involved side
  • Grasp elbow and mid humerus
  • 90 degrees shoulder abduction
  • Axial compression of humerus
  • Posterioinferior glide to proximal humerus with diagonal elevation
    • Assess sudden pain in shoulder **
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28
Q

What does the Jerk Test test?

A
  • Posterioinferior labral lesion
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29
Q

Describe the Jerk Test.

A
  • Pt seated with PT to rear
  • Support elbow and fix scapula
  • Axial compression of humerus
  • Horizontal adduction
    • Assess sharp pain with or w/o clunks/ clicks **
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30
Q

What does Speed’s Test test?

A
  • SLAP lesion
  • Any Labral lesion
  • Biceps pathology
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31
Q

Describe Speed’s Test.

A
  • Pt standing with PT to front
  • Extend elbow
  • Supinate forearm
  • Resisted shoulder FLX from 0 - 60 degrees
    • Assess pain in bicipital groove **
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32
Q

What are 4 tests for shoulder instability?

A
  • Anterior release/ surprise
  • Apprehension test
  • Apprehension/ Relocation test
  • Load and shift test
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33
Q

What instability does anterior release/ surprise test?

A

Anterior.

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34
Q

Describe Anterior Release/ Surprise test.

A
  • Pt supine with PT to involved side
  • Forearm grasped with hand over proximal humerus
  • Posteriorly directed force through humerus
  • 90 degrees abduction and max ER of shoulder
  • Release proximal humeral force
    • Assess sudden pain, or increased pain **
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35
Q

What instability is measured by the apprehension test?

A

Anterior.

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36
Q

Describe the Apprehension Test.

A
  • Pt standing or supine with PT to rear or on involved side
  • Max ER shoulder in 90 degrees ABD
  • Pull proximal humerus anteriorly
    • Assess splinting or pain **
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37
Q

What does apprehension/ relocation test test?

A
  • Anterior instability
  • Labral tear
  • SLAP lesion
38
Q

Describe the Apprehension/ Relocation Test.

A
  • Pt supine with PT to involved side
  • 90 degrees shoulder ABD
  • Max shoulder ER
  • If pain or splinting is ellicited, provide posteriorly directed force to proximal humerus
    • Assess decreased pain or splinting; no change indicates impingement **
39
Q

What does the Load and Shift test test?

A
  • Anterior, posterior, and inferior laxity
40
Q

Describe the Load and Shift test.

A
  • Pt supine with PT to involved side
  • Stabilize scapula over shoulder
  • Compress with grip around proximal humerus
  • Apply A-P and S-I forces assess amount of translation as either I (to rim of glenoid) or II (beyond)
  • Perform inferior glide to assess translation
41
Q

What are 3 tests for AC joint injury?

A
  • AC Resisted Extension
  • Cross-over sign
  • AC joint palpation
42
Q

Describe AC Resisted Extension Test.

A
  • Pt seated with PT to rear
  • 90 degrees shoulder FLX
  • 90 degrees elbow FLX
  • Resist extension
43
Q

Describe cross-over sign?

A
  • Passively FLX shoulder to 90
  • Maximally horizontally adduct
    • Assess pain in AC **
44
Q

What are the 4 tests for Thoracic Outlet?

A
  • Hyperabduction test
  • Roos Test
  • Adson’s Test
  • Costoclavicular Maneuver
45
Q

Describe the Hyperabduction test.

A
  • Pt sits straight
    • Assess radial pulse **
  • Abduct arm with flexed elbow, and ER
    • Reassess pulse, and check for parathesias **
46
Q

Describe Roos Test.

A
  • Patient sitting
  • 90 degrees ABD, ER, and elbow flexion
  • Pt rapidy open and closes hands for a minute
    • Assess reproduction of symptoms **
47
Q

Describe Adson’s Test.

A
  • Pt sits straight
    • Assess radial pulse **
  • Pt breaths deep, tilt head backwards, and rotate towards the affected side
    • Reassess radial pulse and check for parathesias **
48
Q

Describe Costoclavicular Maneuver.

A
    • Assess radial pulse with patient sitting straight **
  • Pt retracts and depresses scapula and holds for 1 min
    • Reassess radial pulse, and check for parathesias**
49
Q

Describe a short axis GH mobilization.

A
  • Patient supine
  • Stabilize humerus with hand, and forearm with body
  • Orient arm at 90 degree angle to proximal humerus directly distal to joint
  • Push outwards
50
Q

Describe a long axis GH mob.

A
  • Fist into table blocks scapula
  • Grab around distal humerus, and hug forearm with body
  • Twist to distract/ inferiorly glide
51
Q

Describe a dorsal humeral glide in abduction and flexion.

A
  • In abduction, stabilize elbow/ forearm in one hand, and push directly downwards on proximal humerus
  • In flexion push through the long axis of the humerus for a posterior stretch
52
Q

Describe a ventral humeral glide.

A
  • Pt prone
  • Arm abducted
  • Downward force through proximal humerus
53
Q

Describe physiologic lateral rotations, and dorsal-ventral humeral oscillations.

A

PLR: Pt prone, and small amplitude oscillations near end range; use arm to block movement past end range
DVHO: Quick, small amplitude arthrokinematic movement

54
Q

What are the 2 SC joint mobs?

A
  • Craniodorsal clavicular glide

- Caudoventral clavicular glide

55
Q

What are the 2 AC joint mobs?

A
  • Ventral clavicular glide

- Dorsal clavicular glide

56
Q

What are the scapular mobilizations?

A
  • Dorsal tilt
  • Medial/ lateral
  • Superior/ inferior
  • Upward and downward rotation
57
Q

What are 4 medical diagnoses that include rotator cuff disorders?

A
  • Impingement syndrome
  • Rotator cuff/ glenoid labral tears
  • Posterior shoulder pain
  • GH hypermobility/ instability
58
Q

What are 4 tests for wrist/hand instability?

A
  • Gamekeeper’s (skier’s) Thumb Test
  • Varus/ Valgus Stress (at MCP, PIP, DIP)
  • Watson Scaphoid Test
  • Ulnomeniscotriquetral Dorsal Glide
59
Q

Describe the Gamekeeper’s Thumb Test.

A
  • Stabilize hand
  • Bring thumb into EXT
  • Apply valgus stress to thumb at MCP
    • Assess is more than 30 - 35 degree valgus stress is allowed ***
60
Q

Describe the Watson Scaphoid Test.

A
  • Forearm slightly pronated.
  • Grasp wrist from radial side with thumb over scaphoid
  • Move from slight extension and ulnar deviation into slight flexion and radial deviation
  • Release grip on scaphoid
    • Assess if laxity allowed the scaphoid to be dislocated by determining if there is a clunking sound of the scaphoid moving back into place **
61
Q

Describe Ulnomeniscotriquetral dorsal glide.

A
  • Hand grip over dorsal ulnar side of forearm
  • Thumb over pisiform
  • Perform dorsal glide
    • Assess pain or laxity **
62
Q

What is the test for dequevain’s disease?

A
  • Finkelstein’s test (paratendonitis of APL and EPB)
63
Q

Describe finkelstein’s test.

A
  • Fist with thumb in middle
  • Patient ulnar deviates
  • PT provides overpressure
    • Assess pain on radial portion of wrist/ forearm **
64
Q

What is an arterial filling test for the ulnar and radial artery?

A
  • Allen Test
65
Q

Describe the Allen Test.

A
  • Elbow resting on table with fingers pointed at ceiling
  • Occlude radial/ ulnar arteries
  • Pt opens and closes fist for 30 seconds
  • Patient open hands
  • Release one artery
  • Observe filling pattern and time
66
Q

What are 6 tests for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A
  • Katz Hand Diagram
  • Phalen’s Test
  • Reverse Phalen’s Test
  • Flick Maneuver
  • Tinel’s Sign
  • Median Nerve Compression
67
Q

Describe Katz Hand Diagram.

A
  • Patient fills out chart according to pain, numbness, tingling, and decreased sensation, which produces a diagnostic score
68
Q

Describe phalen’s test.

A
  • Patient sits with elbows supported, and arms pointed up
  • Allow wrists to fall
  • Hold for 60 seconds
    • Assess parathesias and pain **
69
Q

Describe the Flick Maneuver.

A
  • Patient performs characteristic flick maneuver

* * Assess if symptoms have resolved **

70
Q

Describe Tinel’s Sign.

A
  • Strike patient on median nerve at wrist with reflex hammer, or fingers
    • Assess reproduction of Symptoms **
71
Q

Describe the Median Nerve Compression Test.

A
  • Apply gentle sustained pressure over the median nerve at the wrist using the thumbs
  • Hold for 15 seconds to 2 minutes
  • Assess reproduction of symptoms
72
Q

Describe the Median Nerve Compression Test with Wrist Flexion.

A
  • Fully extended elbow with wrist flexed 60 degrees

- Follows normal compression test procedure from this point

73
Q

Describe reverse phalens test.

A
  • Put hands together in full extension (prayer position)
  • Hold for 1 minute
  • Assess reproduction of symptoms
74
Q

Describe Froment’s Sign.

A
  • Attempt to hold piece of paper with pen style grip
  • Pull paper out from hand
    • Assess PIP flexion **
75
Q

What test refers to changing proximal joint position to asses change in ROM in the fingers?

A

Bunnell-Littler Test.

76
Q

What MCP position limits PIP motion due to intrinsics? What relieves restriction?

A
  • Extension limits flexion ROM

- Flexion relieves tension

77
Q

How is the ORL tested in the Bunnell-lIttler test?

A
  • Ass DIP flexion with PIP in flexion and extension

- If limited in extension, and increased in flexion, then test is positive.

78
Q

What is the use of Mill’s manipulation?

A
  • Elongate and tear the scar formed in chronic lateral epicondylitis.
  • Also manips radial head
79
Q

Describe Mill’s manip.

A
  • Full elbow EXT
  • Wrist fully flexed
  • Ulnar deviation and pronation
  • Stretch on lateral epicondyle
  • Quick ventral thrust
80
Q

What are 2 tests for lateral epicondylitis?

A
  • Cozen’s Test

- Lateral Epicondylitis Test

81
Q

Describe Cozen’s Test.

A
  • Pt sitting or standing
  • Elbow FLX 90 degrees
  • Resisted wrist extension
    • Assess reproduction of pain along lateral epicondyle **
82
Q

Describe the Lateral Epicondylitis Test.

A
  • Extension of the 3rd digit is resisted

* * Assess pain at lateral epicondyle **

83
Q

What are 4 tests for elbow stability?

A
  • Moving Valgus Stress Test
  • Posterior Lateral Rotary Instability
  • Varus Stress Test
  • Valgus Stress Test
84
Q

Describe the moving valgus stress test.

A
  • Pt upright
  • Shoulder ABD 90 degrees
  • Elbow flexed 120 degrees
  • Apply valgus stress and bring elbow from 120 to 70 degrees FLX
    • Assess pain**
85
Q

What does the moving valgus stress test specifically test?

A

Chronic Medial Collateral Ligament Tear

86
Q

Describe Posterior Lateral Rotary Instability.

A
  • Pt supine
  • Flex shoulder above patient’s head
  • Fully extend elbow
  • Fully supinate forearm
  • Apply valgus force with axial compression while flexing elbow
    • Assess lateral displacement (a click) of the radius or appression as the elbow approaches 90 degrees **
87
Q

What are the tests for nerve entrapment at the elbow?

A
  • Elbow flexion test
  • Pressure Provocation
  • Tinel’s Sign
88
Q

Describe the Elbow Flexion Test.

A
  • Pt sitting
  • Both elbows flexed and wrists extended fully, but not forcibly
    • Assess reproduction of pain, or parathesias along ulnar nerve distribution **
89
Q

What condition does the Elbow Flexion Test specifically test?

A

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.

90
Q

Describe the Pressure Provocation test for the ulnar nerve.

A
  • Compress ulnar nerve lightly proximal to the cubital tunnel for 60 seconds with the elbow in 20 degrees flexion and the forearm supinated
91
Q

Describe Tinel’s Sign for the ulnar nerve.

A
  • 4 - 6 tips using fingers or a reflex hammer proximal to the cubital tunnel on the ulnar nerve
    • Assess reproduction of symptoms in an ulnar nerve pattern **

Musculoskeletal I (8 decks)

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