UE, reach, and grasp

Question 1

transport/manipulation phases

Answer 1

Transport
Trajectory of arm between starting position & object- finger posturing
®Manipulation
Formation of grip by combined thumb & finger motions
need both transport and manipulation for smooth function

Question 2

Exner classification of 4 types of in hand manipulation

Answer 2

(Exner) defines in hand manipulation as a process of adjusting object s being grasped in the hand.
®Translation
®Shift
®Simple rotation
®Complex rotation

Finger-to-palm translation: A linear movt of an object from the fingers to the palm of the hand (e.g. picking up coins)

• Palm-to-finger translation: with stabilization, a linear movt of an object from the palm of the hand to the fingers, e.g. placing coins in a slot.
• Simple rotation: the turning or rolling of an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less, fingers act as a unit e.g. unscrewing a small bottle cap

Shift: a linear movt of an object from the finger surfaces to allow for repositioning of the object relative to the finger pads, e.g. separating 2 pieces of paper

• Complex rotation: the rotation of an object 360 degrees, e.g. turning a pencil over to erase
• In-hand manipulation with stabilization: several objects are held in the hand and manipulation of one object occurs, while simultaneously stabilizing the others, e.g. picking up pennies with thumb and forefinger while storing them in the ulnar side of the same hand.

Question 3

types of grasp

Answer 3

®Type used varies according to object
®Location
®Size
®Shape
®Napier, (1956) Types of Grip:
®Power
®Precision

Question 4

requirements for grasp

Answer 4

®Hand must be adapted to shape
®Size
®Use of object
®Finger motions must be timed in relation to transport of object

Question 5

key components of UE control

Answer 5

®locating a target involves coordinated mvmt of eyes, head & trunk
®Reach involves transportation of the arm & hand in space as well as postural support
®Grasp, including grip formation, grasp & release
®In-hand manipulation skills

Question 6

Force scaling

Answer 6

®=errors in grasp
®Too lose
®Too tight
®Power -ulnar side of hand
®Skill- radial side of hand