Motor Learning

Question 1

What is motor learning

Answer 1

process of acquiring movement which involves practice or experience and leads to permanent changes in capability to produce skilled action.

(able to complete task with out any mistakes, and able to remember how to complete task).

Question 2

Fitts and Posner stages

Answer 2

cognitive stage= think about task, not automatic. how to move, what mistakes will be made? many errors in this stage. exploring whats best way. help develop consistency.
associative stage= less errors, more consistency
autonomous stage= multitask, more automatic some mistakes but rare. barely any errors. consistency

Question 3

feedback

Answer 3

the use of sensory info for the control of movement needed for skill acquisition.
+ or -
internal or external
concurrent (during activity) or terminal (at end of task)
notes: visual feedback

Question 4

knowledge of performance (KP)

Answer 4

=info about the processes used during task performance.
i.e. “relax your shoulder when reaching”
“squeeze your abdomen and lean forward
extrinsic KP can be provided before a task begun
KP can be provided concurrent or terminal
notes: feedback and cues. make aware of how they are performing task. pt. awareness

Question 5

Knowledge of Results (KR)

Answer 5

=the outcome of an action in terms of accomplishing a goal
serves as basis for error detection
KR promotes better performance during acquisition phase but decreased performance during retention and transfer
bandwidth KR (set parameters to give feedback. “how do you think you did today?”)

Question 6

Strategy Development

Answer 6

=organized plans or rules that guide action in a variety of situations
emphasis of strategy use during task performance relies on KP feedback
KP feedback is essential to strategy formulation

Question 7

environmental constraints

Answer 7

stable:
self paced
fixed terrain
objects and people stationary
unpredictable:
objects and people are in motion
support surfaces are moving

notes: stable= therapy gym, OT clinic. predictable
unpredictable- go outside of hosp environment. go to CVS. cars/people moving, escalator, outside-uneven terrain.

Question 8

Neo-Bernsteinian Perspective

Answer 8

1. novice= primitive stage
2. advanced stage= refined, less errors, smoothness to task, less cueing, more positive feedback.
3. expert stage= independent. across diff settings, times, and conditions. adapt to environmental constraints.

Question 9

natural settings

Answer 9

essential for learning and transfer of skills
enhances repertoire of motor skills
need real objects not simulation
home based OT is valuable

Question 10

skill acquisition

Answer 10

skill= any activity which becomes better organized and more effective as a result of practice
fluency of movement
training consists of matching force generation to demands of task