UE Motor Control - E1

Question 1

What is the coordination rule?

Answer 1

Eye- head-hand

*the entire reach is guided by vision (first peripheral and then foval)

Question 2

What is smooth pursuit

Answer 2

Tracking an object w/your eyes - process all info in frame (start slow & go faster)

Question 3

What are saccades

Answer 3

Hold 2 fingers up and quickly move eyes b/t - only processing the finger tips

Question 4

What is gaze-evoked nystagmus

Answer 4

Slow, correcting movement (towards the side spun) followed by rapid correcting saccades (in the opposite direction_

Question 5

How do you test for gaze-evoked nystagmus

Answer 5

Spin an individual in a chair 10 x CW and 10 x CCW and watch their eyes

Question 6

What is ocular dysmetria

Answer 6

Over or undershooting targets in a 3D world (R or L, up or down, etc)

Question 7

What is disrupted smooth pursuit

Answer 7

Inability to smoothly pursue an object

Question 8

Where do we get our spatial vision from?

Answer 8

The dorsal pathway (superior) through the parietal lobe to process spatial rlns b/t objects

Question 9

Where do we get our object vision from?

Answer 9

The ventral pathway (Inferior) through the temporal lobe, processing physical qualities of an object

Question 10

What is transport

Answer 10

Primarily the proximal joints moving the hand where it needs to be

Question 11

What joints are involved w/transport w/in arms reach

Answer 11

Scapula, shoulder, elbow and forearm

Question 12

What joints are involved w/transport beyond arms reach

Answer 12

Trunk & if standing may include the LEs via a hip or ankle strategy

Question 13

T or F: arms length forms a square around you

Answer 13

F - it is a semicircle

Question 14

What tract allows for distal movement of the hand

Answer 14

Lateral CST

Question 15

Analysis:

Sitting w/in arms length

Answer 15

Facilitation of:

• abdominal and lumbar co-contraction w/in arms reach
• scapular protraction
• shoulder flexion and some abd
• elbow extension and pronation or supination or neutral

Question 16

Analysis: Sitting BEYOND arms length

Answer 16

Includes a dynamic trunk
Facilitation of:
- WS to IPSI tuberosity
- Facil PPT and Lumb Flex
- Facil lat elong (IPSI) and lat flexion (CL)

Question 17

What are the components of scapular protraction

Answer 17

Upward rotation/ER - abduction, ER, elevation

Question 18

What are the components of retraction

Answer 18

Downward rotation/IR - adduction, IR, depression

Question 19

Analysis: Standing WITHIN Arm’s Length

Answer 19

Trunk and body stable
Facilitation of:
-abd & lumbar co-contraction for reach w/in arms length

Question 20

Analysis: Standing BEYOND arm’s length ankle strategy

Answer 20

• Dynamic trunk and body & LEs
• Facil WS to PISI foot and trunk elongation
• Ankle strategy - relative DF

Question 21

Analysis: Standing BEYOND arm’s length hip strategy

Answer 21

Facilitate:

• COM of pelvis must shift post
• COM of chest must shift anterior, elevate and lateral (IPSI)

Question 22

Analysis: Stepping Strategy

Answer 22

Facilitate:

• Thru pelvis to encourage step
• Thru upper (chest) and lower trunk elongation

Question 23

Define grasp

Answer 23

Primarily the distal joints of wrist and hand perform manipulations

Question 24

Define reaching

Answer 24

Multi-joint movement accomplished by a straight line trajectory

Question 25

What is true about spatial trajectory?

Answer 25

There is a lot of variability in it, but typically less variable on the dominant side and when you move slowly

Question 26

What is an effector

Answer 26

What you use to point

Question 27

What type of line is created from a relatively single joint movement

Answer 27

Curvilinear trajectory

Question 28

What type of line is created from a two-joint movement

Answer 28

Straight trajectory

Question 29

Define the components of spatial trajectory

Answer 29

An individual must correctly plan and execute both the proper direction and distance of the trajectory

Question 30

When thinking about accuracy, which is greater - distance error or direction error?

Answer 30

Distance error is greater

Question 31

Define Constant Error

Answer 31

distance from mean end point location to the center of the target

Question 32

Define Variable Error

Answer 32

A measure of error dispersion, one standard deviation in the X and Y directions

Question 33

What is the speed-accuracy tradeoff?

Answer 33

Increase movement speed, decrease accuracy

Question 34

What is Fitt’s law

Answer 34

MT = a + b log2 (2A/W)

Movement time = a + b log2(2 amplitude/width of target)

*Amplitude is distance from the target

Question 35

Define clearance

Answer 35

Movement around an obstacle to form curvilinear trajecotry

Question 36

A) What is minimum clearance?

B) What is its relationship to speed

Answer 36

A) Closest approach to obstacle

B) Proportional: Increased speed = Increased minimum clearance

Question 37

A) When is maximum aperture of the hand reached?

B) What is its size in accordance to the object width?

Answer 37

A) 60-80% of the reach distance - B) 2.5-3x of the object width

Question 38

At what point in the reach do the fingers match the object shape?

Answer 38

Upon grasp of the object

Question 39

What 2 things should you match grip force to?

Answer 39

Weight (grip to load) and texture (grip to texture)

Question 40

Define translation

Answer 40

Move object to fingers, to palm & back

Question 41

Define shifting

Answer 41

Moving along an object from one end to the other (ex. pen tip to end)

Question 42

Define rotating

Answer 42

Rotating and stabilizing an object

Question 43

What are some things you should vary w/grip (clinical application)?

Answer 43

• size/shape
• weight/texture
• orientation
• use & fun use
• slipperyness
• fragilitiy
• stationary vs moving (object and person)

Question 44

There is a __ and __ link between the two hands

Answer 44

spatial and temporal