UE Motor Control - E1 Flashcards
What is the coordination rule?
Eye- head-hand
*the entire reach is guided by vision (first peripheral and then foval)
What is smooth pursuit
Tracking an object w/your eyes - process all info in frame (start slow & go faster)
What are saccades
Hold 2 fingers up and quickly move eyes b/t - only processing the finger tips
What is gaze-evoked nystagmus
Slow, correcting movement (towards the side spun) followed by rapid correcting saccades (in the opposite direction_
How do you test for gaze-evoked nystagmus
Spin an individual in a chair 10 x CW and 10 x CCW and watch their eyes
What is ocular dysmetria
Over or undershooting targets in a 3D world (R or L, up or down, etc)
What is disrupted smooth pursuit
Inability to smoothly pursue an object
Where do we get our spatial vision from?
The dorsal pathway (superior) through the parietal lobe to process spatial rlns b/t objects
Where do we get our object vision from?
The ventral pathway (Inferior) through the temporal lobe, processing physical qualities of an object
What is transport
Primarily the proximal joints moving the hand where it needs to be
What joints are involved w/transport w/in arms reach
Scapula, shoulder, elbow and forearm
What joints are involved w/transport beyond arms reach
Trunk & if standing may include the LEs via a hip or ankle strategy
T or F: arms length forms a square around you
F - it is a semicircle
What tract allows for distal movement of the hand
Lateral CST
Analysis:
Sitting w/in arms length
Facilitation of:
- abdominal and lumbar co-contraction w/in arms reach
- scapular protraction
- shoulder flexion and some abd
- elbow extension and pronation or supination or neutral
Analysis: Sitting BEYOND arms length
Includes a dynamic trunk Facilitation of: - WS to IPSI tuberosity - Facil PPT and Lumb Flex - Facil lat elong (IPSI) and lat flexion (CL)
What are the components of scapular protraction
Upward rotation/ER - abduction, ER, elevation
What are the components of retraction
Downward rotation/IR - adduction, IR, depression
Analysis: Standing WITHIN Arm’s Length
Trunk and body stable
Facilitation of:
-abd & lumbar co-contraction for reach w/in arms length
Analysis: Standing BEYOND arm’s length ankle strategy
- Dynamic trunk and body & LEs
- Facil WS to PISI foot and trunk elongation
- Ankle strategy - relative DF
Analysis: Standing BEYOND arm’s length hip strategy
Facilitate:
- COM of pelvis must shift post
- COM of chest must shift anterior, elevate and lateral (IPSI)
Analysis: Stepping Strategy
Facilitate:
- Thru pelvis to encourage step
- Thru upper (chest) and lower trunk elongation
Define grasp
Primarily the distal joints of wrist and hand perform manipulations
Define reaching
Multi-joint movement accomplished by a straight line trajectory
What is true about spatial trajectory?
There is a lot of variability in it, but typically less variable on the dominant side and when you move slowly
What is an effector
What you use to point
What type of line is created from a relatively single joint movement
Curvilinear trajectory
What type of line is created from a two-joint movement
Straight trajectory
Define the components of spatial trajectory
An individual must correctly plan and execute both the proper direction and distance of the trajectory
When thinking about accuracy, which is greater - distance error or direction error?
Distance error is greater
Define Constant Error
distance from mean end point location to the center of the target
Define Variable Error
A measure of error dispersion, one standard deviation in the X and Y directions
What is the speed-accuracy tradeoff?
Increase movement speed, decrease accuracy
What is Fitt’s law
MT = a + b log2 (2A/W)
Movement time = a + b log2(2 amplitude/width of target)
*Amplitude is distance from the target
Define clearance
Movement around an obstacle to form curvilinear trajecotry
A) What is minimum clearance?
B) What is its relationship to speed
A) Closest approach to obstacle
B) Proportional: Increased speed = Increased minimum clearance
A) When is maximum aperture of the hand reached?
B) What is its size in accordance to the object width?
A) 60-80% of the reach distance - B) 2.5-3x of the object width
At what point in the reach do the fingers match the object shape?
Upon grasp of the object
What 2 things should you match grip force to?
Weight (grip to load) and texture (grip to texture)
Define translation
Move object to fingers, to palm & back
Define shifting
Moving along an object from one end to the other (ex. pen tip to end)
Define rotating
Rotating and stabilizing an object
What are some things you should vary w/grip (clinical application)?
- size/shape
- weight/texture
- orientation
- use & fun use
- slipperyness
- fragilitiy
- stationary vs moving (object and person)
There is a __ and __ link between the two hands
spatial and temporal
