UE Function

Question 1

4 Components of UE function:

Answer 1

• Locate target
• reach
• grasp
• manipulate

(fine and gross motor)

Question 2

Location of Target

Answer 2

• Coordinated eye and head movement important

- vision: info pertaining to distance of object

Question 3

Reach

Answer 3

• role of arm
• postural control also important
• transportation: hand moves quickly to vicinity of object

Question 4

Movements in Reach

Answer 4

• hand begins to open early in movement
• grasp aperature increases gradually throughout movement
• Trajectories are straight and smooth with bell-shaped velocity profiles

Question 5

Grasp

Answer 5

• role of hand
• importance of vision
• final movement adjustments just before grasp
• many hand configurations possible

Question 6

2 grip types

Answer 6

• Power: whole hand

- Precision: primarily pads of fingers/thumb

Question 7

Manipulate

Answer 7

-fractionated movement: well coordinated movements of individual fingers, working independently of one another

Question 8

Locating Target Problems

Answer 8

• Vision–central lesions, visual field deficits, visual neglect, visual extinction
• Eye-Head-Hand Coordination–cerebellar/vestibular disorders

Question 9

Problems with reach

Answer 9

• timing problems (slow, less accurate, poor coordination)
• -Stroke: compensate with trunk movement
• -Cerebellar: slowed reaction and movement times
• -PD: slower reaching times

Question 10

Decomposition

Answer 10

-moving one joint at a time

Question 11

Reach Problems with Stroke

Answer 11

-Compensate with trunk movement

Question 12

Reach problems with Cerebellar Lesions

Answer 12

• -slowed reaction and movement time
• -dysmetria
• -decomposition
• -Hypo/hypermetric
• -perform better with trunk support

Question 13

Reach problems with PD

Answer 13

• slower reaching times
• fine motor control problems
• reduced ability to coord wrist and hand movement, perform movements involving the trunk

Question 14

Sensation important for:

Answer 14

• adapting movements
• correcting errors
• ensuring accuracy of reach, especially in final phases

Question 15

Sensory Impairments

Answer 15

• Optic Ataxia

- Poor somatosensation

Question 16

Optic Ataxia

Answer 16

• inability to reach in space despite intact motor function, vision, somatosensation
• poor visual control of hand

Question 17

Problems with Grasp: Stroke

Answer 17

• Slower and less accurate movements
• Poorly modulated fingertip forces (scaling)
• reduced ability to fractionate movement

Question 18

Problems with Grasp: PD

Answer 18

• Slowed reach and grasp
• smaller max aperature
• Longer time to max aperature
• Increased variability in aperature and scaling

Question 19

Problems with Manipulation and release: Stroke

Answer 19

• prob with fractionation affect manipulation

- Poor extensor muscle control/activity affect relsease

Question 20

Problems with Manipulation and release: PD

Answer 20

-slower release especially when trying to move fast

Question 21

Motor control problems with Stroke

Answer 21

• visual field deficits limit reach into space
• poor UE control–>compensatory trunk rotation
• synergistic movements leads to poor fractionation
• poor scaling of forces

Question 22

Motor control problems with Cerebellar Dysfunction

Answer 22

• Problems with visual tracking

- poor inter-limb coordinatoin

Question 23

Motor control problems with PD

Answer 23

-problems with speed and initiation of movement affects quick reach/grasp

Question 24

Grasp Treatment

Answer 24

• start with power grip

- then precision (lateral pinch, 3 draw chuck, pincer grasp)