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Neuromuscular Conditions I > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Vision Attention is influenced by:

A

-general alertness, visual fixation and focused gaze of person

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2
Q

Visual Attention is Defined as:

A

-person’s ability to determine “what” (object ID) and “where” (orientation to space) of things in the environment

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3
Q

Most common cause of perceptual impairments:

A
  • Lesion to right hemisphere

- Left brain damage=deficit not as severe as right

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4
Q

Perceptual Impairment

A
  • Loss of ability to correctly perceive

- distorted view of their body and awareness of their body in relation to environment

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5
Q

Causes of perception impairments:

A
  • CVA
  • TBI
  • Degenerative disorders (MS, PD, Alzheimer’s)
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6
Q

Types of Perception Dysfunction

A
  • Visual
  • Body scheme
  • Motor planing (praxis)
  • Tactile
  • Language (expressive/receptive)
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7
Q

Visual Perceptual Disorders

A
  • Visual agnosia

- Prosopagnosia

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8
Q

Visual Agnosia

A
  • inability to ID or recognize familiar objects and people (with visual system intact)
  • Neural connections interrupted between cortical receptor region for visual stimulus and memory of image (parietal lobe damage)
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9
Q

Prosopagnosia

A
  • client can’t ID familiar faces

- inability to perceive unique expressions of facial Mm that make us unique

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10
Q

Visual-Spatial Perceptual Disorders

A
  • Right-Left Discrimination

- Difficulty following directions about how to get from one place to another and moving in new environments

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11
Q

Problems with Visual-Spatial Perceptual disorders

A
  • -Topographical orientation
  • -position in space dysfunction
  • -depth perception
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12
Q

Body Scheme Perceptual Disorder

A
  • (unilateral neglect syndrome)
  • due to lesion/damage (CVA/TBI)
  • problems with sense of body shape, position and capacity
  • presents as inattention to side of body and environment
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13
Q

2 Subtypes of Unilateral Neglect

A
  • Sensory neglect

- Motor neglect

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14
Q

Unilateral Neglect: Sensory Unawareness

A

–spatial, right/left, near/far space, observed in systems (tactile, visual, auditory)

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15
Q

Unilateral Neglect: Motor

A

-Hard to discriminated between sensory/motor

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16
Q

Anosognosia

A
  • Extreme Neglect Syndrome
  • Pt fails to recognize own limbs as their own (R hemisphere lesions)
  • show strange affective dissociation (ask others to move limb)
  • Typically resolves as pt recovers
17
Q

Praxis

A

-ability to rapidly conceive of and plan motor acts in response to environment

18
Q

Apraxia/Dyspraxia

A
  • inability to carry out skilled movement in presence of intact sensation, movement and coordination
  • disturbances in planning (conceptual/purpose) and execution (production/output)
  • subtle or extremely obvious
19
Q

Motor Perception disorders

A
  • client has distorted perception of motor strategies needed to negotiate environment
  • affects cognitive aspects of motor control
20
Q

Functional Implications of Apraxia

A
  • reduce ability to coordinate, plan and carry out movements of everyday tasks
  • Difficulty performing series of steps
  • -eating, shaving, opening doors, dressing
21
Q

Conceptual Problems in Apraxia

A
  • knowledge use of objects and tools for specific function
  • knowledge of actions independent of object/tool to perform a function they serve
  • knowledge of single actions needed within sequence
  • selection of objects to perform action
22
Q

Production Problems in Apraxia

A
  • motor sequencing errors
  • imitation and movement production
  • object substitution and misuse
23
Q

Assessment Methods for Apraxia

A
  • consists of gesture production (ask pt to pantomime a task on command)
  • assess sensory function, Mm strength and dexterity before testing for praxis
  • assess visual agnosia prior to praxis testing
  • eval language status
24
Q

Apraxia and Aphasia

A
  • apraxia often occurs with aphasia (makes it hard to distinguish the two)
  • pts with aphasia–have expressive and receptive deficits
  • check for comprehension
25
Q

Ideational Apraxia

A
  • inability to cognitively understand the motor demands of a task involving multiple or sequential steps (disruption in conception rather than execution)
  • lack of knowledge regarding tool and object use
  • may have difficulty sequencing of activity steps or use of objects in relation to each other
26
Q

Clinical Observations in Ideational Apraxia

A
  • use familiar objects incorrectly
  • -eat soap, chew washcloth, move wheelchair by pulling armrests
  • -multistep tasks
  • -stir drink with finger, brush teeth with finger
  • slow task or doesn’t do at all
27
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A
  • difficulty with production errors (motor apraxia) even though idea and purpose is intact
  • -OR–
  • motor plan intact but pt can’t access appropriate plan or uses inappropriate motor plan for task

e.g. understands toothbrush is for brushing teeth but uses it to brush hair

28
Q

With ideomotor apraxia: sometimes pt can’t access specific motor plan on command but______

A

-can when presented with visual cue (such as comb to comb hair)

29
Q

Observations of Ideomotor Apraxia

A
  • awkward/clumsy movements
  • hard to plan movements to cross body’s midline
  • hard to orient hand to conform to objects
  • hard to sequence movements
  • delayed initiation
30
Q

Dressing Apraxia

A

-inability to dress self

31
Q

Constructional Apraxia

A

-inability to organize or assemble parts into a whole
(copying, drawing, building 2/3D designs)
-Specific deficit in spatial organization performance

–Functional: setting table, make sandwich, dishes into dishwasher

32
Q

Tactile Perception Impairment

A
  • Tactile agnosia

- Astereognosis

33
Q

Tactile Agnosia

A

-inability to attach meaning to somatosensory information

34
Q

Astereognosis

A

-inability to ID objects by touch

35
Q

Stereognosis Testing

A
  • ID familiar objects by hand with eyes closed

- (pencil, key, nail, safety pin, paperclip)

36
Q

Perception Intervention

A
  • provide physical contact
  • repeated practice on tasks and environments, gradually fade support
  • perform familiar tasks
  • mental practice/visualize task/sequence
37
Q

Intervention For Motor Planning

A
  • draw attention to features of object/activity
  • use written lists/visuals as reminders
  • tool use
  • training to caregivers
  • safety issues

Neuromuscular Conditions I (11 decks)

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