UE: Clavicle, Pectoral Girdle, Upper Arm Flashcards
1
Q
Most commonly fx bone in body
A
Clavicle
2
Q
First bone to ossify
A
Clavicle
3
Q
Weakest point of clavicle
A
Middle and outer third
4
Q
Closed clavicular fx mx
A
Conservative
Figure of 8 splint
5
Q
Defective intramembranous ossification
Agenesis of clavicle and skull cap
A
Cleidocranial dysostosis
6
Q
Fetal stage bone is
A
cartilagenous
Then undergoes intramem ossification
7
Q
Mesenchymal tissue to cartilage or bone
A
intramembranous ossif
8
Q
Superior angle of scapula landmark
A
2nd rib
9
Q
Spine of scap landmark
A
3rd rib
10
Q
Inferior angle of scap
A
7th rib
11
Q
Where suprascapular nerve exists
A
Suprascapular foramen
12
Q
Scapula spans
A
2nd to 7th rib
13
Q
Only True joint of UE and axial skeleton
Saddle type
A
SC joint
14
Q
The thumb is a type of
A
saddle joint
15
Q
Stabilizes the AC joint
A
Acromioclavicular lig
16
Q
Shoulder separation (2)
A
AC joint dislocation
Coracoclavicular ligament tear
Ex
Tackling in football
Fall on tip of shoulder
17
Q
The head of humerus is
A
1/3 of sphere
18
Q
Most frequently fractured site of humerus
A
surgical neck
19
Q
Surgical neck contains
A
Axillary nerve
Posterior humeral circumflex artery
20
Q
Midshaft or spiral groove of humerus (2)
A
Radial nerve and profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
21
Q
Bicipital or intertubercular groove of humerus
A
Long head of biceps brachii
22
Q
Fracture at spiral groove or midshaft of humerus damages
A
Radial nerve
Wrist drop
23
Q
Deepens glenoid cavity
A
Glenoid labrum
24
Q
Weakest area of the shoulder joint
A
Inferior
No support
25
Most common direction of shoulder dislocation
Anterior
26
Most common dislocation of elbow
Posterior
27
Anterior shoulder dislocation the humeral head
Humeral head in subcoracoid position
28
Posterior dislocation of shoulder
Humeral head in subglenoid position
29
Shoulder dislocation may impinge (2)
Axillary nerve
| Radial nerve
30
Medial epicondyle of ulna has
Ulnar nerve
| Flexor tendons
31
Lateral epicondyle
Extensor tendons
32
Abduction of 1st 15deg
Supraspinatus
33
Acts as strut that links chest with UE
Clavicle
34
Clavicle ossified via
intramembranous ossification
35
Inferior surface of clavicle houses this groove
Subclavian
| subclavius
36
Dysplasia cleidocranial
Marie Sainton disease
37
Point of shoulder
Acromion
38
Anatomical neck of humerus lies
Around the rim of the head
39
Supports humeral head tl glenoid
Rotator cuff
40
Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
41
Supraspinatus
Action
Innervation
First 15 deg of abduction
| Suprascapular nerve
42
Infraspinatus
Action
Inn
External rotation
| Suprascapular nerve
43
Teres minor
Action
Innervation
External rotation
| AXILLARY nerve
44
Subscapularis
Action
Innervation
Internal rotation
| Upper subscapular nerve
45
Deltoid
Innervation
Axillary nerve
46
Quandrangular space contents
Axillay nerve
| Posterior circumflex humeral vessel
47
Triangular interval
Radial nerve
| Profunda brachii artery
48
Triangular space content
Scapular circumflex vessel
49
Boundaries of quadrangular space
Superior: Subscapularis, Teres Minor
Lateral: Surgical neck of humerus
Inferior: Teres Major
Medial: Long head of triceps
50
Abduction of shoulder joint degrees
180
51
Shoulder joint contributes this much movement of abduction
120
Supraspiantus initiating
Deltoid completing after first 15
52
Scapula contributes this movement for shoulder abduction
60 degrees
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
53
Aka subacromial bursitis, pericapsulitis
Painful arc
Supraspinatus tendinitis
54
Painful arc of abduction in subacromial bursitis
50-130
55
Ill-fitted crutches nerve injury
Radial
56
Subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by
anterior scalenes
57
First part of subclavian artery
Medial to scalenes
Vertebral
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic
58
Second part of subclavian artery under scalene
Costocervical
59
Third part of subclavian artery
| Most superficial portion containing subclavian triangle
Dorsal scapular artery
| Lev scap and rhomboids
60
Axillary sheath contents
Extension of prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
Axillary vessels
| Brachial plexus
61
Axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by this muscle
Pectoralis minor
62
1st part of axillary artery
Superior thoracic artery
63
2nd part of axillary artery
Thoracoacromial artery
| Lateral thoracic artery
64
3rd part of axillary artery
Subscapular artery (largest branch)
Anterior circumflex humeral
Posterior circumflex humeral
65
Continuous with the axillary artery at lower border of the teres major
Brachial artery
66
Profunda brachii related to the nerve and this part of humerus
Radial nerve at midshaft or spiral groove through triangular interval to the posterior compartment
67
Triangular interval boundaries
Superior: teres major
Medial: long head of triceps brachii
Lateral: humerus
68
Groove for radial nerve and profunda brachii
Musculospiral groove
69
Radial artery gives rise to
Deep palmar arch
70
Ulnar artery gives rise to
Common interosseous artery
| Superficial palmar arch
71
Test prior to radial artery cannulation and bypass surgery
Should return in 7 seconds
Allen test
72
Superficial veins of UE forms the dorsal venous arch:
Cephalic vein: lateral
Basilic vein: medial
Median cubital vein
73
Deep veins of UE
Venae commitantes
74
Axillary vein tributaries
ABC
Accompanying brachial vein
Basilic vein
Cephalic vein
75
Veins of choice for central venous catheterization
Basilic vein
Median cubital vein
Bec they increase in diameter from cubital fossa to axillary vein
In direct line with axillary vein
76
Anterior compartment of the arm
Flexor
| Innervated by musculocutaneous
77
Posterior compartment of arm
Extensor
| Innervated by radial nerve
78
Anterior compartment of forearm
Flexor
| Innervated by median nerve
79
Posterior compartment of forearm
Extensor
| Innervated by radial nerve
80
Lateral compartment of forearm innervated by
Radial nerve (deep)
81
Adducts and flexes arm
Coracobrachialis
82
Main flexor of forearm
Brachialis
83
Flexes and supinates forearm
Biceps brachii
84
Extensor of forearm
Triceps
85
All muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (flexor) are innervated by median nerve except
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus
FCU
FDP median half
86
All extensor muscles of forearm and arm are supplied by
Radial nerve
87
Flexor of wrist in midposition of forearm
Brachioradialis
88
5 cm above flexor retinaculum, median nerve emerges to the hand between
FCR (laterally) median nerve FDS (medially)
89
Biceps reflex
C5-C6
90
Brachioradialis reflex
C5, C6, C7
91
Triceps reflex
C7-C8
92
Knee jerk reflex
L3-L4
93
Ankle reflex
S1-S2
94
Lateral compartment or mobile wad of forearm
Brachioradialis
ECRB
ECRL
95
Boundaries of cubital fossa
Floor: Brachialis, Supinator
Roof: Skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
96
Contents of cubital fossa
Lateral to medial:
```
Deep, Superficial Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial/Radial artery
Brachial/Radial vein
Median nerve
```
97
Structures near medial epicondyle
Ulnar nerve
| Common flexor tendon
98
Contents near lateral epicondyle
Common extensor tendon
99
Gunstock deformity
Complication of
Cubitus varus
supracondylar fracture
100
Complication of lateral condylar fracture
Cubitus valgus
101
Permanent shortening of forearm muscles, hand and fingers
Artery injured
Volkmann ischemic contracture
Brachial artery
102
Complication of supracondylar fracture
Volkman ischemic contracture
| Median nerve injury
103
Long head of biceps runs over the
and originates from the
Intertubercular sulcus
Supraglenoid tubercle continuous with labrum
104
Subscapularis inserts at
lesser tubercle
105
3 glenohumeral ligaments
Superior
Middle
Inferior
All attach to the lesser tubercle originating from margin of glenoid cavity
106
attaches from the lesser tubercle to greater tubercle overlying long head of biceps tendon in the intertubercular sulcus
transverse humera ligament
107
Supraspinatus originates from the
and inserts to the
Innervation
Supraspinous fossa
Greater tuberosity superior facet
Suprascapualr nerve
Abduction 15
108
Infraspinatus originates from
and inserts to the
Innervation
Infraspinous fossa
Greater tuberosity middle facet
Suprascapular nerve (Sueprior trunk of brachial plexus)
ER
109
Teres minor originates from the
and inserts to the
Innervation
Lateral scapular border
Greater tuberosity on the inferior facet
Axillary nerve
ER
110
Subscapularis originates from the
and inserts to the
Innervation
Subscapular fossa
Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Largest and strongest of the muscles 50% of cuff strength
Subscapular nerve (upper and lower) from posterior cord
IR
111
Deltoid originates from
and inserts to the
Inn
Lateral third of clavicle (anterior) Flex, IR
Acromion (lateral) Abd
Spine of scapula (posterior) Ext, ER
Deltoid tuberosity
Axillary nerve
112
Pecs major originates from
and inserts to
Innervation
Clavicular head: anteromedial half of clavicle (Flexes shoulder)
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique (Extension of shoulder back to anatomical position)
Lateral lip of bicipital group/intertubercular sulcus
Combined action: ADD and IR
Medial (medial cord) and lateral (lateral cord) pectoral nerves
113
Axillary becomes brachial at the level of
Teres major
114
Brachial artery runs from
Lower border of teres major to neck of radius
115
Brachial artery 4 branches
Profunda brachii (largest, supplies posterior arm)
Humeral nutrient artery
Superior ulnar collateral
Inferior ulnar collateral
116
Ulnar artery supplies
medial half of index and 3, 4, 5
117
Radial artery supplies
Thumb and 1/2 of index
118
Laat bone to complete ossification at approximately 21 years of age
Clavicle
119
Only long bone that is ossified intramembranously
Clavicle
120
Calcification of superior transverse scapular ligament may trap or compress this nerve
Impairs the muscles
Suprascapular nerve
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
121
Common insertion of SIT muscles
Greater tuberosity
122
Accompanies posterior dislocation of shoulder joint
Insertion of subscapularis
Lesser tuberosity
123
Common inseetion of the pectoralis major(lateral lip), teres major (medial lip) and lattisimus dorsi on floor
Intertubercular Bicipital Groove
124
Separates origin of lateral head of triceps above and origin of medial head below
Spiral groove with radial n
125
Fracture of humeral shaft may injure
Radial nerve and deep brachial artery
126
Children falling on OOH with elbow partially flexed injuring median nerve
Supracondylar fracture
127
Fracture of the medial epicondyle damages the
Ulnar nerve
128
Articulates with head of radius
Capitulum
129
Insertion of brachioradialis 1cm distal to the ulna
| Proximal to snuffbox
Styloid process of radius
130
Styloid process of radius and ulna lining up on radiograph
Smith’s fracture
131
Head of ulna is at
distal end
| articulates with the disk of the distal radioulnar joint and styloid process
132
Drainage of medial group of lymphatic vessels
Enters lateral axillary nodes from basilic vein draining first to central axillary nodes and then to apical axillary nodes
133
Drainage of lateral group of lymphatic vessels
Accompanies cephalic vein and drains into lateral axillary nodes into deltopectoral infraclavicular nodes and into the apical nodes
134
Lies between subclavius and pectoralis minor pierced by cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve
Costocoracoid membrane
135
Inferior extension of fascia and attached to axillary fascia maintaining hollow of armpit
Suspensory ligament of axilla
136
Boundaries of Axilla:
Medial wall: upper ribs and intercostal muscle; serratus anterior
Lateral wall: intertubercular groove of humerus
Posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
Anterior wall: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and clavipectoral fascia
Base: axillary fascia and skin
Apex: interval between the clavicle, first rib and upepr border of the scapula
137
Branches from upper trunk of brachial plexus
2
Suprascapular C5-C6
(Artery over ligament and nerve under the ligament)
Nerve to subclavius C5
138
Branches from lateral cord of brachial plexus
2
Lateral Pectoral Nerve C5-C7
Musculocutaneous Nerve C5-C7
139
Branches from medial cord of brachial plexus
4
Medial pectoral nerve C8-T1
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve C8-T1 communicates with intercostobrachial nerve
Median Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve C8-T1
Ulnar nerve C7-T1
140
Branches from medial and lateral cord
Median nerve C5-T1
141
Branches from posterior cord of brachial plexus
```
Upper Subscapular Nerve C5-C6
Thoracodorsal nerve C7-C8
Lower Subscapular Nerve C5-C6
Axillary nerve C5-C6
Radial nerve C5-T1 (largest)
```
142
Injury to posterior cord by pressure of crosspiece of a crutch resulting in paralysis of arm
Crutch palay
Loss in extensors of arm, forearm and hand producing wrist drop
143
Central structure of axilla
Axillary artery
