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Anatomy > Head Neck Anatomy and Clinical Correlate > Flashcards

Head Neck Anatomy and Clinical Correlate Flashcards

1
Q

Dangerous area of scalp

A

Loose areolar ct

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2
Q

Scalping occurs in this layer

A

4th layer

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3
Q

Blood vessel in 4th layer

A

Superior sagittal sinus communicating to emissary vessel

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4
Q

Largest and most constant vessel that pass through mastoid bone to lateral sinus

A

Emissary vessel

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5
Q

Loose CT communicates to this by way of emissary veins

A

Cranial dural venous sinus

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

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6
Q

Responsible for gaping wounds

A

Galea aponeurotica

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7
Q

Tearing of bridging emissary veins

Shear stress

A

Subdural hematoma

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8
Q

Tearing of bridging veins, subdural vessel, parenchymal vessel

May be venous or arterial

A

Subdural hematoma

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9
Q

Up to 48 h
Blood and clot - hyperdense
White in CT
Hyperdense

A

Acute Subdural hematoma

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10
Q

2-14 days
Clotted blood and fluid
Hyper to isodense

A

Subacute

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11
Q

> 14 days
Liquified hematoma
Hypodense
Gray in CT

A

Chronic subdural hematoma

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12
Q

60% of subdural hematomas

A

post traumatic

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13
Q

CT scan in subdural hematoma

A

Crescentic or concave follows contour

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14
Q 
Common in elderly very young
No history of trauma
Chronic alcoholism
Coagulopathy
Anticoagulant esp Warfarin
A

Chronic subdural hematoma

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15
Q

When in Warfarin maintain

A

INR 2-3

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16
Q

Due to traumatic rupture of middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural hematoma

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17
Q

CT on Epidural hematoma

A

Convex/Lens shaped

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18
Q

Anterior branch of middle meningeal artery lies on groove on its internal aspect

A

pterion

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19
Q

Artery on pterion

A

Anterior Branch of Middle Meningeal Artery

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20
Q

MMA rupture

A

Epidural hematoma

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21
Q

Low flow

A

Emissary vessel

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22
Q

High flow

A

MMA

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23
Q

More fatal and drastic

A

Epidural hematoma

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24
Q

Loss of consciousness
Awake
Loss of consciousness
Coma and deteriotate

A

Lucid interval

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25
Classic of lucid interval
Epidural
26
Epidural hematoma dx
Plain CT
27
Biconvex Blunt trauma Does not cross suture line Fx of pterion
Epidural hematoma
28
Most important risk factor in IC hematoma
Skull fracture
29
``` Boggy edematous swelling of soft tissues of scalp Disappears Crosses suture line No pathologic significance Crosses midline ```
Caput succadaneum
30
Subperiosteal collection of blood | Never crosses suture line
Cephalhematoma
31
Vacuum delivery Forceps Will not cross suture
Cephalhematoma
32
``` Vacuum delivery Forceps delivery Extraperiosteal Can cross suture line Can cross midline ``` Lifethreatening hypovolemia 20-30%
Subgaleal hemorrhage
33
Diamond | Becomes bregma
Anterior fontanelle
34
Triangular | Becomes lambda
Posterior fontanelle
35
Anterior fontanelle closes by
18 months
36
Postrior fontanelle closes by
First year of life
37
Early closure of fontanelles
Craniosynostosis
38
Craniosynostosis syndrome
Crouzon’s Apert’s Pfeiffer’s
39
May present with craniosynostosis
Vitamin D deficiency | Rickets
40
Ossifies within 2-3 months | Closes during first few months
Posterior fontanelle
41
Depression of fontanel
Dehydration
42
Bulging fontanelle
Inc ICP
43
Newborn hydrocephalus
Neonatal meningitis
44
Not present at birth | Develops during first two years of life
Mastoid process
45
Forceps delivery may result to injury to this nerve
Facial
46
Weakest cranial fossa or skull base
Middle cranial fossa
47
Cribriform plate
CN I
48
Optic atrophy Anosmia Papilledema
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
49
Frontal groove meningioma is related to
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
50
Superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, VI and V1 | Superior ophthalmic vein
51
Ophthalmic opening
CN 2
52
F rotundum
V2 Maxillary
53
F ovale
V3 Mandibular Lesser petrosal nerve
54
F spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
55
Internal acoustic meatus
CN VII, VIII | Labyrthinthine artery
56
Jugular foramen
CN IX, X, XI inferior petrosal sinus sigmoid sinus
57
Hypoglossal canal
CN XII
58
Foramen magnum
CN XI (enter) Medulla of brainstem Vertebral artery
59
two vertebral arteries become
basilar
60
Fx of middle cranial fossa
Bleeding into the mouth (sphenoid) Otorrhea of CSF CSF leakage Auditory or facial nerve problem
61
Differentiates CSF from sipon
B2 transferrin | Halo test
62
Most specific and sensitive test for CSF otorrhea and rhinorrhea
Beta 2 transferrin Tau Bec this is not found in other fluids in the body
63
Basilar skull fracture involves
petrous of temporal bone
64
Four regions of temporal bone
Squamous Tympanic Mastoid Petrous (interior)
65
Forms part of cranial floor | Forms inferolateral aspect of skull
Temporal bone
66
Class III Shock
30-40% blood loss >120 HR confusion Hypotension
67
Internal auditory meatus opens for
CN VIII
68
Separates middle from posterior cranial fossa
Petrous portion of temporal bone
69
Fx of petrous portion of temporal bone
CN VIII hearing problem | Separates middle from posterior cranial fossa
70
Basilar skull fracture
Hemotympanum Battle sign Raccoon eye Panda eye (tarsal plate sparing)
71
thinnest part of lateral wall of the skull
pterion anterior branch of middle meningeal artery
72
Subpial extravasation of blood and swelling of affected area Results in focal neurologic deficit Seen in frontal pole, orbital gyri, temporal pole
Brain contusion
73
Brain contusion complication
seizure
74
At site of impact in the absence of fracture
Coup contusion
75
Diametrially opposite point of impact
Contrecoup contusion
76
medial part of temporal lobe made contact with edge of tentorium
Herniation contusion
77
Deepest structure of brain | Corpus callosum BG hypothalamus
Intermediary contusion
78
Focal hemorrhage in cortex and adjacent white matter
Gliding contusion
79
Differentials for intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Cerebral Amyloid angiopathy Ruptured AVM Tumoral bleed Ruptured aneurysm
80
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage caused by rupture of
Lenticulostriate artery
81
What age group do amyloid angiopathy occur?
Elderly
82
Age group of AVM
young
83
Puff of smoke in angiogram | Blockage of ICA
Moya moya
84
Contralateral hemiparesis/plegia | Face, Arm, Leg
MCA
85
Sentinel sign of MCA stroke
C/l hemiplegia
86
Transient monocular blindness
Amaurosis fugax | Opthalmic artery of ICA
87
CSf rhinorrhea results from fracture of
ethmoid
88
Lens/convex shaped hematoma on CT Artery?
Epidural MMA
89
Crescent/concave on CT vessel torn?
Subdural hematoma Bridging veins/Emissary veins
90
SAH causes
Aneurysm Angioma TRAUMA
91
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage causes
Lenticulostriate artery
92
Excessive molding | Tears anterior attachments of falx to tentorium cerebelli
Intracranial hemorrhage
93
Bleeding in intracranial hemorrhage (infant) results from
Great Cerebral Straight Sinus Inferior Sagittal Sinus
94
Modified Radical Neck dissection removal of
Levels I-V

Anatomy (13 decks)

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