UE + Brachial Plexus Anatomy

Question 1

shoulder

Answer 1

• scapula
• most proximal upper limb joint
• consists of scapula, clavicle and proximal humerus

Question 2

arm bone

Answer 2

humerus

Question 3

forearm bones

Answer 3

radius and ulna

Question 4

wrist

Answer 4

• carpals
• distal radius and ulna contact carpals
• carpals contact carpals
• carpals contact metacarpals

Question 5

palm bones

Answer 5

metacarpals

Question 6

finger bones

Answer 6

digits and phalanges

Question 7

elbow

Answer 7

-consists of distal humerus, proximal radius, and proximal ulna

Question 8

hand

Answer 8

• palm (metacarpals)

- fingers (phalanges)

Question 9

what bone does the biceps brachii never attach to?

Answer 9

humerus

Question 10

shoulder flexion

Answer 10

swings the upper limb forward at the shoulder

Question 11

shoulder extension

Answer 11

swings the upper limb backward at the shoulder

Question 12

dorsal (posterior) muscles of upper limbs

Answer 12

elevators or extensors

Question 13

ventral (anterior) muscles of upper limbs

Answer 13

depressors or flexors

Question 14

pectoris major and minor innervation

Answer 14

• lateral pectoral nerve (from lateral cord)

- medial pectoral nerve (from medial cord)

Question 15

deltoid innervation

Answer 15

axillary nerve

Question 16

triceps brachii + all other extensors (superficial and deep) innervation

Answer 16

radial nerve

Question 17

anterior flexors in arm innervation

Answer 17

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 18

anterior flexors in forearm and hand innervation

Answer 18

median and ulnar nerves

Question 19

progression of main artery of upper limb

Answer 19

• suclavian
• axillary (at axilla)
• brachial
• brachial splits into radial and ulnar

Question 20

structures ANTERIOR to ASM

Answer 20

• phrenic nerve (to diaphragm)
• subclavian vein
• transverse cervical artery
• suprascapular artery

Question 21

structures POSTERIOR to ASM

Answer 21

• brachial plexus

- subclavian artery

Question 22

Erb’s palsy

Answer 22

• results from damage to upper roots of the plexus that serve flexors in shoulder and arm
• result = extension and pronation
• damage to C5, C6, C7
• mostly explained by loss of innervation of musculocutaneous nerve

Question 23

muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 23

• coracobrachialis
• brachialis
• biceps brachii

Question 24

klumpke’s palsy

Answer 24

• results from damage to the lower roots (C7, C8, T1) of the brachial plexus and muscles that move the hand and wrist
• result = limitations on elbow extension and wrist flexion

Question 25

what does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

Answer 25

serratus anterior

Question 26

scapular winging

Answer 26

a result of damage to the long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) and weakness in serratus anterior

Question 27

flexors of hand

Answer 27

attach to medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 28

extensors of hand

Answer 28

attach to lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 29

innervation of extensors of hand

Answer 29

radial nerve

Question 30

innervation of flexors of hand

Answer 30

- median nerve to forearm and thumb | - ulnar nerve to ulnar side of forearm and much of the hand

Question 31

layer 1 of superficial flexors of hand/wrist

Answer 31

- arise at or near medial epicondyle - brachioradialis (radial) - pronator teres (median) - flexor carpi radialis (median) - palmar longus (median) - flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar) - flexes wrist/hand

Question 32

layer 2 of superficial flexors of hand/wrist

Answer 32

- arises at or near medial epicondyle - flexor digitorum superficialis (median) - flexes fingers

Question 33

layer 3 of deep flexors of hand/wrist

Answer 33

- flexor pollicis longus (median) - flexion of fingers to make fist - flexor digitorum profundus (half median/half ulnar) - flexion of upper half of finger

Question 34

layer 4 of deep flexors of hand/wrist

Answer 34

-pronator quadratus (median) - pronation of wrist

Question 35

which nerve passes under the carpal tunnel?

Answer 35

median nerve

Question 36

extensor muscles of hand/wrist

Answer 36

- arise from lateral epicondyle and go to fingers (thumb muscles not included) - innervated by radial nerve - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis - extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi

Question 37

extensor muscles going to thumb and index finger

Answer 37

- arise primarily from ulna - innervated by radial nerve - anconeus - supinaotor - adductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - extensor pollicis longus - extensor indicis

Question 38

thenar

Answer 38

thumb side | median but one small part ulnar (flexor pollicis brevis)

Question 39

hypothenar

Answer 39

pinky side | ulnar nerve

Question 40

intrinsic muscles of hand on each side you will have (3 things)

Answer 40

- a short flexor muscle - an abductor muscle - an opponens muscle

Question 41

ulnar claw hand

Answer 41

ulnar nerve damage that leads to weakness in the 3rd and 4th lumbricals

Question 42

hand of benediction

Answer 42

median nerve damage that leads to weakness in 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Question 43

radial nerve innervation

Answer 43

- motor innervation to all of the muscles in the extensor compartments of the arm and forearm - sensory innervation to the part of the dorsum of the arm, forearm and hand

Question 44

median nerve innervation

Answer 44

- motor innervation to most of the forearm flexors, thenar muscles, 1st and 2nd lumbricals - sensory innervation to the rays I, II, III and the lateral 1/2 of digit IV

Question 45

ulnar nerve innervation

Answer 45

- motor innervation of 1 half of forearm flexors, hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis, 3rd and 4th lumbricals, all interossei - sensory innervation to medial 1/2 ray 4 and ray 5