UE

Question 1

What are three areas of transition in the arm?

Answer 1

Axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel

Question 2

What is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

Answer 2

Lateral 1st rib, posterior clavicle, superior scap, medial coracoid process

Question 3

What muscles make up the posterior thoracic wall?

Answer 3

Traps, Lats, rhomboids, levator, SA

Question 4

If there are close fractures to these 3 major nerves it can cause nerve damage

Answer 4

Axillary, ulnar, radial

Question 5

What 3 bones make up the pectoral girdle? What 3 joints?

Answer 5

Clavicle, scap, proximal humerus; GH, SC, AC

Question 6

What type of joint is SC

Answer 6

Ball and socket

Question 7

What provides shoulder stability?

Answer 7

Glenoid labrum, supraspinatus, RC tendons, LH of biceps and coracromial arch

Question 8

2 main RC disorders

Answer 8

Impingement and tendinopathy

Question 9

Which RC most commonly affected? Why?

Answer 9

Supra; passes beneath acromion and AC ligament

Question 10

What structures create the walls of the axilla?

Answer 10

-medial: SA
-lateral: humerus
-anterior: pecs and subclavius
-posterior: subscap, Lats, posterior scap muscles

Question 11

Describe the posterior wall of axilla

Answer 11

Two finger trick
-quadrangular space: axillary n, posterior circumflex humeral artery
-triangular space: circumflex scapular artery
-triangular interval: radial n, profunda brachial a.

Question 12

If there is a fracture in the midshaft of the humerus, what symptoms might a pt have?

Answer 12

Wrist drop and sensory changes over dorsum of hand; radial nerve damage

Question 13

What muscles are in the anterior compartment?

Answer 13

Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, biceps brachii

Question 14

What muscles are in the posterior compartment?

Answer 14

Triceps (3 heads)

Question 15

What is the major artery in the arm? What is it a continuation of? What does it divide into and where?

Answer 15

Brachial; axillary; radial and ulnar at elbow

Question 16

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery? Where does it supply?

Answer 16

Profunda brachii artery; posterior compartment

Question 17

What forms the cubital fossa? What does it contain?

Answer 17

Pronator teres, line between the epicondyles, brachioradialis; biceps tendon, brachial a., median nerve, and median cubital vein

Question 18

3 functions of interosseous membrane

Answer 18

-attachment to muscles ant/post compartment
-transferring forces between radius and ulna
-“hold” bones together during pronation

Question 19

What muscles supinate?

Answer 19

Biceps and supinator

Question 20

Which muscles pronate?

Answer 20

Pronator teres and quadratus

Question 21

Anterior compartment
4 superficial
1 intermediate
3 deep

Answer 21

-PT, FCR, PL, FCU
-FDS
-FPL, FDP, PQ

Question 22

Posterior compartment
7 superficial
5 deep

Answer 22

-BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDMM, ECU, A
-S, ABL, EPB, EPL, EI

Question 23

How many carpal bones are there? What are they?

Answer 23

8; scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 24

What are the borders of the snuffbox?

Answer 24

APL, EPB, EPL

Question 25

What’s the clinical importance of the snuffbox?

Answer 25

Scaphoid can be palpated. Blood supply from radial artery; fracture is common-ish from fall on outstretched hand

Question 26

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 26

Flexor retinaculum and carpal arch -laterally: scaphoid tubercle, trapezium tubercle -medially: hook of hamate, pisiform

Question 27

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

Answer 27

FDP tendons (4), FPL tendon, FDS tendons (4) and median nerve

Question 28

What is carpal tunnel syndrome? MOI? Symptoms?

Answer 28

Entrapment syndrome cause by pressure on median nerve MOI: repetitive wrist movements that lead to compression S: numbness, tingling, pain in hand and forearm