UE Flashcards

1
Q

What are three areas of transition in the arm?

A

Axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel

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2
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

A

Lateral 1st rib, posterior clavicle, superior scap, medial coracoid process

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3
Q

What muscles make up the posterior thoracic wall?

A

Traps, Lats, rhomboids, levator, SA

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4
Q

If there are close fractures to these 3 major nerves it can cause nerve damage

A

Axillary, ulnar, radial

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5
Q

What 3 bones make up the pectoral girdle? What 3 joints?

A

Clavicle, scap, proximal humerus; GH, SC, AC

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6
Q

What type of joint is SC

A

Ball and socket

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7
Q

What provides shoulder stability?

A

Glenoid labrum, supraspinatus, RC tendons, LH of biceps and coracromial arch

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8
Q

2 main RC disorders

A

Impingement and tendinopathy

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9
Q

Which RC most commonly affected? Why?

A

Supra; passes beneath acromion and AC ligament

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10
Q

What structures create the walls of the axilla?

A

-medial: SA
-lateral: humerus
-anterior: pecs and subclavius
-posterior: subscap, Lats, posterior scap muscles

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11
Q

Describe the posterior wall of axilla

A

Two finger trick
-quadrangular space: axillary n, posterior circumflex humeral artery
-triangular space: circumflex scapular artery
-triangular interval: radial n, profunda brachial a.

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12
Q

If there is a fracture in the midshaft of the humerus, what symptoms might a pt have?

A

Wrist drop and sensory changes over dorsum of hand; radial nerve damage

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13
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment?

A

Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, biceps brachii

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14
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment?

A

Triceps (3 heads)

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15
Q

What is the major artery in the arm? What is it a continuation of? What does it divide into and where?

A

Brachial; axillary; radial and ulnar at elbow

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16
Q

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery? Where does it supply?

A

Profunda brachii artery; posterior compartment

17
Q

What forms the cubital fossa? What does it contain?

A

Pronator teres, line between the epicondyles, brachioradialis; biceps tendon, brachial a., median nerve, and median cubital vein

18
Q

3 functions of interosseous membrane

A

-attachment to muscles ant/post compartment
-transferring forces between radius and ulna
-“hold” bones together during pronation

19
Q

What muscles supinate?

A

Biceps and supinator

20
Q

Which muscles pronate?

A

Pronator teres and quadratus

21
Q

Anterior compartment
4 superficial
1 intermediate
3 deep

A

-PT, FCR, PL, FCU
-FDS
-FPL, FDP, PQ

22
Q

Posterior compartment
7 superficial
5 deep

A

-BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDMM, ECU, A
-S, ABL, EPB, EPL, EI

23
Q

How many carpal bones are there? What are they?

A

8; scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

24
Q

What are the borders of the snuffbox?

A

APL, EPB, EPL

25
Q

What’s the clinical importance of the snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid can be palpated. Blood supply from radial artery; fracture is common-ish from fall on outstretched hand

26
Q

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum and carpal arch
-laterally: scaphoid tubercle, trapezium tubercle
-medially: hook of hamate, pisiform

27
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

FDP tendons (4), FPL tendon, FDS tendons (4) and median nerve

28
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome? MOI? Symptoms?

A

Entrapment syndrome cause by pressure on median nerve

MOI: repetitive wrist movements that lead to compression

S: numbness, tingling, pain in hand and forearm