UE Flashcards
What are three areas of transition in the arm?
Axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel
What is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?
Lateral 1st rib, posterior clavicle, superior scap, medial coracoid process
What muscles make up the posterior thoracic wall?
Traps, Lats, rhomboids, levator, SA
If there are close fractures to these 3 major nerves it can cause nerve damage
Axillary, ulnar, radial
What 3 bones make up the pectoral girdle? What 3 joints?
Clavicle, scap, proximal humerus; GH, SC, AC
What type of joint is SC
Ball and socket
What provides shoulder stability?
Glenoid labrum, supraspinatus, RC tendons, LH of biceps and coracromial arch
2 main RC disorders
Impingement and tendinopathy
Which RC most commonly affected? Why?
Supra; passes beneath acromion and AC ligament
What structures create the walls of the axilla?
-medial: SA
-lateral: humerus
-anterior: pecs and subclavius
-posterior: subscap, Lats, posterior scap muscles
Describe the posterior wall of axilla
Two finger trick
-quadrangular space: axillary n, posterior circumflex humeral artery
-triangular space: circumflex scapular artery
-triangular interval: radial n, profunda brachial a.
If there is a fracture in the midshaft of the humerus, what symptoms might a pt have?
Wrist drop and sensory changes over dorsum of hand; radial nerve damage
What muscles are in the anterior compartment?
Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, biceps brachii
What muscles are in the posterior compartment?
Triceps (3 heads)
What is the major artery in the arm? What is it a continuation of? What does it divide into and where?
Brachial; axillary; radial and ulnar at elbow
What is the largest branch of the brachial artery? Where does it supply?
Profunda brachii artery; posterior compartment
What forms the cubital fossa? What does it contain?
Pronator teres, line between the epicondyles, brachioradialis; biceps tendon, brachial a., median nerve, and median cubital vein
3 functions of interosseous membrane
-attachment to muscles ant/post compartment
-transferring forces between radius and ulna
-“hold” bones together during pronation
What muscles supinate?
Biceps and supinator
Which muscles pronate?
Pronator teres and quadratus
Anterior compartment
4 superficial
1 intermediate
3 deep
-PT, FCR, PL, FCU
-FDS
-FPL, FDP, PQ
Posterior compartment
7 superficial
5 deep
-BR, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDMM, ECU, A
-S, ABL, EPB, EPL, EI
How many carpal bones are there? What are they?
8; scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What are the borders of the snuffbox?
APL, EPB, EPL
What’s the clinical importance of the snuffbox?
Scaphoid can be palpated. Blood supply from radial artery; fracture is common-ish from fall on outstretched hand
What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum and carpal arch
-laterally: scaphoid tubercle, trapezium tubercle
-medially: hook of hamate, pisiform
What does the carpal tunnel contain?
FDP tendons (4), FPL tendon, FDS tendons (4) and median nerve
What is carpal tunnel syndrome? MOI? Symptoms?
Entrapment syndrome cause by pressure on median nerve
MOI: repetitive wrist movements that lead to compression
S: numbness, tingling, pain in hand and forearm
