UCSP REVIEWER Flashcards
is a group of academic
disciplines that focus on how individuals
behave within society.
-is one of the branches of science,
devoted to the study of societies and the
relationships among individuals within
those societies
SOCIAL SCIENCES
- is the systematic study of
humanity, with the goal of
understanding our evolutionary origins,
our distinctiveness as a species, and the
great diversity in our forms of social
existence across the world and through
time.
ANTHROPOLOGY
Study of human relationship
and institutions.
SOCIOLOGY
is the study of politics
and power from domestic, international,
and comparative perspectives.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
studies humans and what it means to be a human.
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
is the study of humans as
cultural beings.
ETHNOLOGY
is the study of the human
past using material remains
ARCHEOLOGY
Study of the
relationship between language and
culture.
Anthropological linguistics
is a macro-
level theory that sees society as an
interconnected system with each part
having a different function while still
working together. Functionalists view
society as a system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity and
stability
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM
focuses on the
competition among groups within
society over limited resources
CONFLICT THEORY
views social and
economic institutions as tools of the
struggle among groups or classes, used
to maintain inequality and the
dominance of the ruling class.
CONFLICT THEORY
sometimes
called symbolic interaction perspective,
is a sociology theory that seeks to
understand humans’ relationship with
their society by focusing on the symbols
that help us give meaning to the
experiences in our life.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Group of people sharing
common identity, culture, territory, and
language who act together for collective
survival and well-being.
SOCIETY
everything a person learns as a
member of the society. People ways of
living.
CULTURE
Tangible (all
material objects) and Non-Tangible
(belief, norms, tradition etc.)
Components of culture
product of behavior
and of the society. Develops through
social interaction.
CULTURE IS SOCIAL
Culture varies from society to society-
culture is unique to itself due to the fact
that it is a human product.
culture is unique to itself due to the fact
that it is a human product.
Culture varies from society to society-
people in the society
shares ideas, activities and artifacts.
Transmission is not automatic but largely
depends on the willingness of people to
give and receive it
CULTURE IS SHARED
Learned socially rather than biologically.
Handed to generations through
generations as a product of
enculturation and acculturation.
CULTURE IS LEARNED AND TRANSMITTED
Culture exists as a continuous process
and it is responsive to the changing
world.
Culture is continuous and cumulative-
practice of comparing other cultural practices. Finding other cultural practices to be inferior and their culture
as superior.
“My culture is the best”. “Our family’s culture is the most important”.
ETHNOCENTRISM
Preference for the foreign cultures. Seeing their culture as inferior and other’s as superior. “Koreans culture is so much better that Filipinos Culture.”
XENOCENTRISM
Idea that all norms, beliefs and values are dependent of their cultural context. Practicing diversity. “All cultures are unique and beautiful”
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Man was created by God on the 6th day of creation out of dust
BIBLICAL THEORY
Tagalog story of Malakas and Maganda
MYTHS AND LEGEND
Natural selection is the process through which species adapt to their environments. It is the engine that drives evolution. Over time, these advantageous traits become
more common in the population. Through this process of natural selection, favorable traits aretransmitted through generations.
SCIENTIFIC THEORY (NATURAL SELECTION BY CHARLES DARWIN)
can lead to speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species. It is one of the processes that drives evolution and helps to explain the diversity of life on Earth.
NATURAL SELECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT INITIATED HUMAN EVOLUTION
CONTINENTAL DRIFT (PANGAEA)
CLIMATE CHANGE
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT INITIATED THE EVOLUTION OF MAN
-development and enlargement of brain
-development and enlargement of vocal tract
-improvement of the gripping capacity
first to discover in African
Region.
First to exhibit bipedalism (walking using two feet).
AUSTRALOPITHECUS
lived 2.4- 1.4 million years ago. Toolmaker.
HOMO HABILIS
First to travel outside
Africa. First user and maker of fire.
HOMO ERECTUS
First known creator of clothes and ornaments. First practitioner of burials.
HOMO NEANDERTHALENCIS
During a time of dramatic climate change 300,000 years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in Africa.
Anatomically they are the modern humans who were practicing industrialization.
HOMO SAPIENS
Paleonthropolgcal fraud in which
bone fragments were presented as the fossilized remains of a previously ape and human.
PILTDOWN MAN
is a model that attempts to explain the history of human migration on a global scale. According to this theory, there were 3 consecutive waves where Filipino came from. They are from Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays.
THE WAVES OF MIGRATION THEORY
Filipinos descended from Austronesians (product of intermarriage between Australoids and Mongoloids), who first interacted within the present-day ASEAN region and spread throughout the region through maritime travel.
AUSTRONESIAN THEORY
First man in Philippines.
Was discovered at Callao cave, Cagayan on 2007
CALLAO MAN
discovered at Tabon Cave, Palawan and said to be 30,000 years old
TABON MAN
tools were small and handy as well as their arts. Accessories are limited to personal collections. Their subsistence is foraging.
Paleolithic Period (old stone age)
wider and bigger tools.
Subsistence agriculture.
Neolithic Period (new stone age)
the process whereby an individual learns to adjust to a group (or society) and behave manner approved by the group (or society). According to most
scientists, socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behaviour, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children.
SOCIALIZATION
is a first culture learning process, wherein a person understands and internalizes the native culture. It makes an individual aware of his roles, position and functions in society.
ENCULTURATION
is the second culture learning process wherein an individual learns other’s cultures and modifies the culture he/she practices.
ACCULTURATION
is important for easily adapting oneself
to the foreign environment. Due to this redsull, acculturation can be seen among the people who are far from their native places.
ACCULTURATION
is the position of an individual in relation to another or others, especially in regard to social or professional standing.
STATUS
is beyond an individual’s control. It is not earned, but rather is something people are either born with or had no control over. Examples of ascribed status include sex, race, and age. Children usually have more ascribed statuses than adults, since they do not usually have a choice in most matters.
Ascribed Status
on the other hand, is one that is acquired on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen and reflects a person’s skills, abilities, and efforts. Being a professional athlete, for example, is an achieved status, as is being a lawyer, college professor, or even a criminal.
Achieved Status
people find themselves pulled in various directions as they try to respond to the many statuses they hold.
Role conflict
refers to the stress an individual faces when failing to meet the expectations of specific social role. You cannot balance your role as a student-athlete.
ROLE STRAIN
When an individual stops engaging in a role previously central to their identity and begins the process of establishing a new identity.
ROLE EXIT
the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups whose approval they desire.
CONFORMITY
-is any behavior that violates social norms, and is usually of sufficient severity to warrant disapproval from the majority of the society
DEVIANCE
proposes that people’s relationships, commitments,
norms, and beliefs encourage them not to break the law
SOCIAL CONTROL
unit of people who interact with some regularity and identify themselves as a unit. Collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations.
GROUP
Dyad (2 people) and Triad (3 people)
SMALL GROUP
IN GROUP VS OUT GROUP
Groups according to membership
IN GROUP VS OUT GROUP
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUP
considered as ideal group
REFERENCE GROUP
GROUP THINK AND SOCIAL LOAFING/FREE RIDING
GROUP DYNAMICS
is an approach that proposes a specific way to manage an organization. It proposes that the most appropriate way to run an organization is to structure it into a rigid hierarchy of individuals governed by strict rules and regulations.
Max Weber’s theory of bureaucracy
collectivist organizations model is proposed by
Karl marx
in which supervisors and workers function equals for equal wages, would replace the bureaucracies.
COLLECTIVIST ORGANIZATION MODEL
refers to small and highly relational communities, like agrarian societies. These are typically rural communities that are very traditional and very family and community- oriented
GEMEINSCHAFT
means “society.” This term refers to modern, usually urban societies in which people are more relationally isolated from one another than in traditional, Gemeinschaft communities.
An example of Gesellschaft is any large, modern, urban society like New York City. People live very close together regarding physical distance but live their lives are isolated from the millions of people around them
GESELLSCHAFT
