UCSP Flashcards
- The need to pursue and apply knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology. What is this?
- Science
It is the field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects of the group of life of human beings. Unlike hard science theories, social science theories are subject to change with the changes of the human behavior.
Social Science
Focus: Human societies, cultures, and their development over time.
ANTHROPOLOGY
Social Science is not multidisciplinary. True or false?
FALSE
Focus: Social behavior, institutions, and structures.
SOCIOLOGY
“Humans Beings are Social Beings”. True or false?
TRUE
Focus: Political systems, governance, and public policy.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Focus: Human behavior, cognition, and emotion.
PSYCHOLOGY
Focus: Past events, societies, and historical processes.
HISTORY
What is the complex whole that
includes knowledge, belief,
art, morals, law, custom,
and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by
man as a member of society?
CULTURE
Focus: populations, particularly their size, distribution, and changes over time.
DEMOGRAPHY
What is the way of doing things that is not is from one society is called ____________.
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
Focus: The relationship between people and their environments.
GEOGRAPHY
People acquire culture through
learning. Related processes
happen during the learning of
culture- enculturation,
acculturation, and sometimes even
culture shock.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is Learned
the process through which an individual learns about their own culture through exposure and influence from various external sources and forces.
Enculturation
Focus: Production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
ECONOMICS
It occurs when the dominant culture
in a geographic region or a group is
not the original culture of the
individual.
Acculturation
Focus: is the scientific study of language and its structure.
LINGUISTICS
It refers to feelings of
uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that
people may experience when moving to
a new country or experiencing a new
culture or surroundings.
Culture shock
What is a group of people
sharing customs, laws,
and organizations in a
specific geographical
location?
SOCIETY
What is a feral child?
A human child who has lived isolated from human contract from a very young age, and has no experience of human care, loving or social behavior, and human language.
Something that an individual cannot
possess alone, the patterns of
learned behavior and the results of
behavior are possessed by large
group of people.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is Shared or Transmitted
Every society has a culture of its
own and differs from one another.
Every culture is unique and not uniform; and it varies from time to time.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is Relative
A group of people that are together without culture is called an ________________.
AGGREGATE
It exist as a continuous process
and in its historical growth, it
became cumulative.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is Continuous and
Cumulative
The hallmark of a society is the capacity of people to symbolize. Humans create meaning using symbols. A symbol is an object, word, or action.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is Symbolic
Adaptation occurs through the use of
technology. It changes lives
worldwide. However, it is also
maladaptive because it leaves bad
impact to environment and culture.
(CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE)
Culture is adaptive
and maladaptive
(COMPONENTS OF CULTURE):
- _______________ = Those that are not
physically and empirically tangible. - _______________ = The tangible aspect of culture that members create and use.
- Non-material Culture
- Material Culture
It is a society’s standard of acceptable behavior. It is essential in a society because majority of the people pattern
their way of living after these.
(5 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)
NORMS
These are the means of the people on
explaining the sense of their experiences;
these are ideas that people hold to be
true, factual, and real.
(5 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)
BELIEFS
A very strong negative norm; it is a
prohibition of certain behavior that is so
strict that violating it results in extreme
disgust and even expulsion from the group
or society.
(5 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)
TABOO
These are illustrations that represent a particular belief or meaning of
something. People attach a specific
meaning to an object, gesture and image.
(5 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)
SYMBOLS
These are culturally defined standards by
which people assess desirability,
goodness, and beauty; these serve as
broad guidelines for social living.
(5 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)
VALUES
- ______________ = Formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and
implemented in a society. - ______________ = These are moral
norms, meaning they have an element of right or wrong. - ______________ = Norms that are
known to be the proper way of dealing with their everyday living and social interaction.
(3 Types of Norms)
- LAWS
- MORES
- FOLKWAYS/CUSTOMS
What is the process of learning the norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors of a
culture or society?
Socialization
Socialization is a lifelong process that begins at birth and continues throughout life. It involves acquiring new knowledge, skills, and behaviors, as well as modifying existing ones.
LEARNING
As we socialize, we internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of our culture, incorporating them into our own sense of self and worldview
INTERNALIZATION
School provides a structured environment for learning and socialization, playing a significant role in shaping our intellectual, social, and emotional development
School as a Social Agent
- Formal Education
- Socialization
- Identity Formation
Media is a powerful agent of socialization, shaping our understanding of the world, influencing our values, and contributing to the formation of our identities.
Contributes to?
Media as a Social Agent
- Information and Ideas
- Global Perspective
- Social Norms
- Values and Attitudes
Peer groups are influential in shaping our social identities, values, and behaviors, offering a space for social exploration and experimentation.
Contributes to?
Peers as a Social Agent
- Social Skills
- Social Norms
- Identity Formation
These are individuals, groups, or institutions that play a significant role
in the socialization process.
SOCIALIZATION AGENTS
The family is the primary agent of socialization, playing a crucial role in shaping our personalities, values, and beliefs.
Contributes to?
FAMILY AS A SOCIAL AGENT
- Early Learning
- Emotional Development
- Social Skills
Religious institutions often provide a framework for moral guidance
and ethical behavior, shaping individuals’ values and worldview.
Religious teachings can influence family life, social interactions, and
personal choices.
Contributes to?
Religious Institutions as Social Agent
- Belief Systems
- Community & Belonging
- Rituals & Traditions
- Ethical Principles
Government policies play a crucial role in shaping the social fabric of a nation, impacting areas such as education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. Policies can create incentives, regulate behavior, and allocate resources, all of which have implications for individuals and
communities.
Government as Social Agent
_______________ of socialization are the most influential forces in our
early development, shaping our core values, beliefs, and sense of self.
Primary agents
_____________________ emphasized the role of the social self in development, arguing that individuals form their identities through interactions with others. His
concept of the ___________ illustrates how _________________________________.
George Herbert Mead
“I” and “me”, people internalize societal expectations
(1.) ______ represents your personal, spontaneous reactions that come from your own thoughts and desires shaped through social interaction, while (2.) ______ is the part of you that takes into account society’s expectations and norms, guiding your behavior to fit in with others. Together, they form how you (3.) ________________________________.
- “I”
- “Me”
- act and think in social situations.
(Mead’s Theory):
IDENTIFICATION!!!
- ________: You want to follow a TikTok trend because it’s fun and popular.
- ________: You hesitate because you’re a youth leader in the church, and you think about how church members
might expect you to behave more conservatively.
- I
- Me
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory highlighted the importance of _________________________ in shaping ____________________________,
suggesting that ________________ play a crucial role in socialization.
early childhood experiences
personality and social behavior
family dynamics
Freud’s model of the psyche includes the: ______, ________, ____________.
- _____ = Mediates between the id and reality, making rational decisions
and delaying gratification. - _____ = Driven by basic instincts, seeking immediate pleasure without
concern for reality or morality. - _____ = Represents moral conscience, imposing societal values
and ideals, often in conflict with the id.
Id, Ego, Superego
- Ego
- Id
- Superego
(Freud’s Theory):
IDENTIFICATION!!
- The part of the personality that represents immediate
desires, like a Filipino teen wanting to post a viral TikTok video, is the _____________. - The ____________ balances personal desires and social media expectations, such as deciding what’s appropriate
to post. - The ______________ represents the internalized moral values, like considering how the post will reflect on the teen’s reputation in the community or church.
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
“I am what I think others think of me” - ______________
Charles Horton Cooley
The _________________, by _________________, describes how we form our sense of self based on how we think others see us.
looking-glass self, Charles Horton Cooley
Three main components of Cooley’s looking-glass self theory:
- First, we __________ how we must appear to others.
(Keyword: ___________ - How we present ourselves to others.)
- Second, we imagine the ___________ of that appearance.
(keyword: _______ - how others evaluate/ view us.)
Third, we develop our imagined self through the judgments of others. (Keyword: judgments- Our self-concept is
shaped by these imagined judgments)
- Imagine, imagination
- Judgment, Judge
(Charles Horton Cooley’s “Looking-glass Self Theory”):
IDENTIFICATION!!!
- The teen believes that their self-worth is influenced by how many likes and comments their fashion posts receive, illustrating the ______.
- Before sharing a post, they imagine how their friends will ______ their style, affecting their decision on what to share.
- The feedback they receive from peers reinforces their
perception of themselves, shaping their identity through ______
- Imagine
- Judge
- Judgments
Is a type of
social influence involving
a change in belief or
behavior to fit or align
their attitudes and
behaviors with the people
they interact or socialized
with.
CONFORMITY
> is a person who
easily follows the rules,
standards, or practices of a
group or society, often to avoid
standing out or facing
opposition
> can also be
referred to as a “blind
follower” or “someone with
no firm stance,”
CONFORMIST
involves publicly conforming to the group’s expectations or behaviors while privately disagreeing.
Compliance
occurs when
individuals align
their behavior with
a specific group or
role model they
admire and wish to
emulate.
Identification
The act of going against the established norms and practices of groups and society
DEVIANCE
Both publicly and privately accepting the group’s beliefs and behaviors as one’s own
Internalization
These individuals often
challenge the status quo,
leading to societal
progress.
Some of their acts involve
violating laws or ethical
standards in ways that
harm others.
DEVIANTS
Explains how
deviance contributes
to the stability and
functioning of society
FUNCTIONALIST
Deviance results
from social and
economic inequality.
CONFLICT THEORY
Deviance is not
inherent in an act but
is a result of society’s
reaction to that act.
LABELING THEORY
Karl Marx’s Industrial Age Pyramid
On top: “BOURGEOISIE- the capitalists, the “haves”, the oppressors”
On bottom: “PROLETARIAT - workers, the “have-nots”, the oppressed”
Deviance results from social and economic inequality
CONFLICT THEORY
Explains how deviance contributes to the stability and functioning
of society according to Emile Durkheim:
- ____________________ = Reinforces societal norms by highlighting their importance when they are violated.
- ____________________ = Defines the boundaries of acceptable behavior by punishing deviant acts.
- _____________________ = Unites people in response to deviant behavior, strengthening social ties.
- _____________________ = Sparks necessary changes by challenging and reshaping outdated or unjust norms.
- Affirms Cultural Values &
Norms - Clarifies Moral Boundaries
- Promotes Social Cohesion
- Encourages Social Change
Deviance is not inherent in an act but is a result of society’s
reaction to that act
LABELING THEORY
This type of deviance occurs when
individuals accept the cultural goals of
society but reject the prescribed means of
achieving them. Instead, they create new
methods to attain those goals.
Innovation
Happens when a group member
does not agree with the group’s objectives
but accepts the means of getting there
Ritualism
Happens when members do not accept both the group’s goals and means of getting there. Individuals who exhibit this behavior often withdraw from society’s expectations entirely.
Retreatism
This type of deviance involves actively
challenging and rejecting both societal goals and means, aiming to create an alternative social order. Rebellious deviants often seek to change the societal structure.
Rebellion
