Ubd Democracy Grows Unit Vocab Flashcards
Cotton Gin
-A machine created by Eli Whitney that quickly/easily separate cotton fibers from their seeds
-Infamous (famous in negative way)
-Causes slavery to grow due to the idea that it made cleaning cotton way quicker meaning more work could get done. Additionally, plantation owners started growing more cotton needing more slaves for service.
-The Cotton Gin enabled a slave to clean 50 times the amount of cotton in one day.
-hort table cotton could grow anywhere
-Long stable cotton could grow on the area of coastal South Carolina,etc.
Industrial Revolution
-A period of major economic and technological change that transformed societies from agrarian to industrial economies
Samuel Slater
-The founder of the American Industrial Revolution
-He builds the very first real factory (Textile Mill)
Irish Potato Famine
-Forced the Irish to come to the United states
-Its what starts the huge amount of Irish immigrating or the United States
-That group of people found success and wrote letters to people who were back in Ireland and it became a pattern until it slowed down
What happened:
-Potatoes were extremely nutritious and anyone could grow it
-Started to grow fungus
-When picked, they were not edible due to this
-Irish started starving because that's all that they could mostly grow due to the lack of crops that could survive in Irish weather/soil
-They felt anguish causing them to leave there country/homeland for the United States, settling in the northeastern area.
Manumission
-The legal process of freeing a slave
Andrew Jackson
-7th President of the United States from 1829 to 1837, seeking to act as the direct representative of the common man
-Nationalist
-Good:
-Established the Democratic Party
-Removed Property Requirements
-Campaign to the People
-Paid off our national debt over the course of 3 months
-He advocated the creation of a canal across Nicaragua
In between:
-Nullification Crisis -Solved the problem -Violated supremacy clause; Jackson did not challenge this concept of Virginia and Kentucky Resolution in the Supreme Court.
-Bad
-Petti Coat Affair
-Secretary of war Eaton
-Jackson reacts to this because it is similar to how his wife felt
-Resigned most of his cabinet.
-Spoils System
-10% were only fired, but many were corrupt/incompetent -New York Collector stole 1 million
-Ugly
-Indian Removal Act
-15000 died
-2nd trail of tears - Defied supreme court led by John Marshall
-Made Indians sign the petition for the act and manipulated them
-Racism
2nd National Bank
-The first national bank had run out its permission to operate in 1810
-For the next two years things are fine
-War breaks out; war of 1812
-Caused us a lot of money; many banks started failing
-John Adams gets permission for 2nd National Bank
-when Jackson becomes president he leaves the bank alone for a hwile
-1830 he was to busy removing the natives
-1832 Jackson has congress on his side and is not distracted
-Gets elected
-Wants to destroy it
-Cant do that so he has to find a reason
-Gives money to southern banks which fails
-Causes panic
Common Man
-The group of who are also known as as the “uneducated masses” and did not own land
Missouri Compromise
-After Missouri became a slave state they created compromise that all the states under the lines were slave states and the upper side were not slave states
-This compromise took action till the Compromise of 1850 where it was abolished due to the idea that California it didn’t have enough people to split into two states
-Northern California had gold and then southern had vast bodies of water
-There is no more Missouri compromise but all the slaves that were/weren’t slave states could not change
-No selling slaves in the capital
-No talking about slavery in Congress
-Eventually led to Bleeding Kansas
Westward Migration
-The Gold Rush caused people to go to California expanding the population immensely
-a period of American history when many people moved west for economic opportunity, land ownership, and the possibility of independence.
Gold Rush
-It caused California to get a lot of people which then destroys the Compromise of 1820 Line.
-Instigates why California blows up with people in is ready to be a state way quicker before people expected.
Texas Independence
-Catalyst towards Mexican war
-Had a piece of land (Mexico is there)
-Mexico the government is weak there is a lot of in fighting
-The USA tries to get them to sell land
-Obnoxious because the Mexicans also have nationalism; they are looking at the United States thinking they are obnoxious becaouse they just
-Commaches will rain down to the coast and go to Mexico and then leave
-Mexicans come up with the idea by putting the Americans between Mexico and the Commaches
-Government gives a piece of land says “come you can settle here”
-Texas ends up being more American than Mexico
-America wants this a part of our country; goes to war
-Mexico wins
-Texas wants the United States to take them but they don't want to because it could separate into a bunch of different states
-Texas threatens the United States to be friends with the British; president before Polk essentially lets them be part of the country.
Slavery/Abolitionism
-Abolitionists: people who wanted to end slavery
-Scale:
-Radical Abolitionists: people who believed ALL slaves should be freed and given the same rights as the white
-Examples:
-John Brown
-Harriet Beecher Stow
-Abolitionists
-Neutral
-Most of the Americans were entural because slavery didn’t really interfere with them
Fire Eaters: group of pro slavery people
Sectionalism
-The idea of being more loyal to a specific region of a country than to the country as a whole.
Examples:
-Indian Removal Acts
-Removed the Indians due to the claim that they were taking valuable land from the south that could be growing crops
-Nullification Crisis
-Benefited the north industrially
-Impacted the south's agricultural economy because of how expensive the tariff was for them.
States Rights
The belief that states have equal power to that or the federal government.
Compromise 1850
-Compromise of 1820 explains that north of border has no slavery and the south has slavery
-California wanted to become a state and threatened to be part of britain
-Missouri Compromise line ends becuase Califronia did not want to be split into 2 states.
-Compromise of 1850:
-No more selling slaves in capital
-Westward territories become a free for all - Popular Sovereignty (would be later resolved)
-California could become a state
Bleeding Kansas
-The first example of sectionalism being violent
-What happened:
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed settlers in Kansas to vote on whether to permit slavery.
This reopened the possibility of slavery extending into new territories north of the Missouri Compromise line.
Other factors that contributed to the violence included rival territorial governments, election fraud, and land claims.
Violence
-The violence included murder, mayhem, destruction, and psychological warfare.
- A particularly horrific incident was the Pottawatomie Creek massacre in May 1856, where abolitionist John Brown and his sons killed five pro-slavery advocates.
Aftermath
The violence intensified the debate over slavery in the United States and served as a key precursor to the Civil War. Kansas entered the Union as a free state on January 29, 1861.
Impact
The violence in Kansas contributed to a rise in anti-slavery sentiment in the North. Aid movements like the New England Emigrant Aid Company helped establish towns in Kansas that became strongholds of Republican and abolitionist sentiment.
John Brown
-Radical Abolitionist- wanted to end slavery
-Contributed the most to the American civil war
-Attack a Pottawatomie Creek
-Attacks Harpers Ferry
-Wanted to create an all black state.
Dred Scott Decision
-Two big things
- the federal government could not regulate or dictate slavery; it was a state issue
- Dred Scott decision declared that once a slave, always a slave-meant manumission was really done
Interchangeable Parts
-Concept developed by Eli Whitney
-Made products cheaper
-Made faster, more accurately
-Becomes for accessible to the average person
Lowell Girls
- Lowell girls stands for all women who worked in factories (mostly women)
-As young as 14 and as old as 30
Overseer/Drivers
-The person who is in charge of the plantation of when the owner is not there
-Jobs to appoint slaves to be drivers (trust,influence, and control)
-Pushes the slaves to the max
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
-The biggest slave revolt in southern history
-Able to build a network of slaves; messages were conveyed
-Frightens whites
-Practically ends manumission
-Very few owners are willing to free slaves
destroys what little freedom slaves had at that time
-They had very little
Indian Removal
-Act that pushes the Indians westward across the Mississippi
-Trail of tears which kills 15,000 natives
Kitchen Cabinet
-Unofficial cabinet of Jackson
-They were practically his “yes men” (they would agree with everything he said)
Nullification Crisis
-Jackson is president and a southerner
-Should hate protective tariffs but he is a nationalist
-Agrees to a protective tariff that agrees to protective our country's war machine (so we could generate
-Calhoun did not like it and jackson refused to revoke it
-Makes a document and argues the Virginia Kentucky Resolutions and adds to it
-Talks about leaving the union -Direct threat to union,nationalism, and personally Jackson.
- South Carolina attempted to declare a federal tariff “null and void” within their state, essentially refusing to follow it, arguing that the federal government was overstepping its power; this primarily benefited the Southern states, particularly South Carolina, who felt unfairly targeted by the high tariffs on imported goods that primarily impacted their agricultural economy.
John C. Calhoun
-He provoked the Nullification Crisis
-He promoted sectionalism
-he was the leader of the secessionists
Manifest Destiny
- The belief that God mandated expansion for resources and power
-Most appalling form of nationalism
-We will do things that are wrong -Can be argued that it begins with the Louisiana Purchase
-Now not only presidents but we also have governors trying to conquest land we do not own.
-Other Examples:
-Louisiana Purchase -Lumberjack War -Caroline Affair -Oregon Issue -Pig War
Thoughts:
1) We are the United states we are awesome
2) We are the United states and God is supporting us that we are awesome
3) we are only doing this to bring people the American way of freedom,democracy,etc.
- The belief that we were destined to do it
-Extreme Nationalism
-Examples:
-Lousiana Purchase (Lewis and Clark Expeditioon)
-Lumberjack War
-Caroline Affair
-Oregon Issue
-Mexican War
- Pig War
Oregon Issue
-Many New Englanders head west due to the oregon trail
-Problem:
-British are to the north (us against the british)
-Polk campaigned that he could get all the land (demonstrated nationalism)
-We made an agreement USA gets the area of Oregon and Britain gets British Columbia
-Shared the Columbia river with Britain for 20 years
Mexican American War
-Argues that our border is the Rio grande
-Mexico disagrees
-Polk gives this as an excuse
-Tells army to go town to the border area; he wants bloodshed -Mexico retreats to their fort -We build a fort in front; chemical warfare
-Battle happens in this region
-Polk argues that the Mexicans violated American Sovereignty
-Polk did not get all of Mexico because there was a lot of land and it could have all been slave states; Mexicans and there were Roman Catholics.
-Texas was already a state
2nd Great Awakening
-When our nation develops a conscience
-Religious movement turns into a social movement hence the reform movement
-Reformed movements:
-Slavery - Women rights - Education - Temperance
Temperance Movement
-The banning of alcohol
-When men leave their factories, they pass by taverns and drink a lot of alcohol causing them to be drink which eventually leading them to put their anger towards their wives.
-Women were one of the most targeted by this which made their desire for this movement to happen increased.
-Took action
-Women would tell ministers
-Ministers would ask as the vehicle to communicate their voice.
Underground Railroad
-Slaves realizing the north will offer a level of freedom, abolitionists (especially radical) are risking there own life’s by sending people to establish safe houses
-Slave catchers could get you back; northerners were required by federal law to help
-Some states did not want to; establishes liberty laws
-About 250,000 escaped.
-Harriet Tubman was a conductor.
Industrialism/Plantation System
South was a plantation based state; relied on plantations
-North relies on Industrial System; was based on industry.
Kansas Nebraska Act
-A law to bring Kansas and Nebraska as states- established popular sovereignty meaning Kansas and Nebraska could decide if they wanted to be a free or slave state
-Meant to be first 2 tests of popular sovereignty
-How Steven Douglas was hoping to become president
How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of people and led to the rise of reform movement?
-Exploitation of children and tell that laws would be passed in the United States to ban this
-Explain how children would hurt themselves on threading machines and get seriously injured
-Lowell Girls
-Give them the taste of freedom; formed unions
-After these laws were passed, women were the source for labor.
-Created the idea of main street (Would spend money on Sunday which was the only day they were free)
-Women are tasting financial,social indepence, and a little of political independence (would for unions with each other)
-Explain the emigration of the Irish to New England and the Irish Potato Famine
Reform Movement
-A term used to separate the religion and the social part.
-Talking about all the outcomes of the 2nd Great Awaking socially.
-Slavery -Education -Women -Temperance
Sack of Lawerence
-Moment during bleeding Kansas; essentially ends it.
-Pro-Slavery people destroy the capital of the anti slavery people
-Angers John brown and he essentially goes to Pottawatomie Creek
-Tries to kill every pro slavery person
-People took a step back because it was really harsh
How did the policies and events of the Jackson’ administration impact the development of the United States?
-2nd National Bank
-Led to a panic
-Indian Removal Acts
-Killed so many natives
-Spoils System
-Appointed people who supported Jackson’s campaign for government jobs
-They were incompetent and not fit for the job; in other words, they were frauds.
How did the nation carry out the concept of Manifest Destiny?
-How it was nationalistic
-Believed that we were destined to do things becuase God thoguht America was awesome
-How religion was involved
-Evidence to prove that average Americans support Manifest Destiny:
-Polks campaigned that he would promise us land basically saying he would give us war. -Proves the American people are buying into this
-Use Pig war to show how absurd it was (we were fighting with Britain for little piece of land)
How did the reform movement impact the development of American society?
-Lowell Girls
-Gave woman a sense of independence due to:
-Being able to have their own jobs
-Formed Unions
-Economic Liberty - could use their own money to shop
-Good pay
-Created Main street
-Improved social status
-Showed that women WERE capable of working, showing that they were actually making money which started to break the bias
Why did many Americans, north an south, resist the efforts of the abolitionists?
-North
-Wanted cheap cotton and slavery is what makes it cheap
-Irish don’t wanna lose their jobs
-If slaves are free they might flood the north
-Racism
-South
-Needed slaves for plantations
Spoils System
-every president from there to know has to be elected by people
-Jackson gave people who voted rewards (jobs)
Problems:
-Most people were frauds,were not ready for the job, and was incompetent
Secession
The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
-In other words, the idea of breaking away from a territory or group in power and create a seperate union
Fire Eaters
Group of pro-slavery people who advocated for Secession and the creation of a new nation out of slaveholding states
Amendment 3
Protected citizens from quartering solidiers
Amendments 5
-Protects citizens from self incrimination,etc.
Amendment 9
If it looks like a right it is one
Supremacy Clause
-Constitutional principle that states that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the “supreme law of the land”
-This means that when state laws conflict with federal law, federal law takes precedence.
Elastic Clause
Allows Congress to create laws that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution
Amendment 4
Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government
