History Final Flashcards
Cash crop
Agricultural crops that are planted for the purpose of selling on the market or for export to make profit
George Washington
-Commander of the Continental Army, who led American to a victory against England, and the 1st Us President
-Was a poor battle field general but a great, devoured leader; was hymbkke and stayed w/ his troops no matter what
-In Valley Forge, he made the decision to take small pox from one person and give it to another, so they’d learn to fight it
-He never asked for pay, besides paying for his wife’s transportation and he promossted men on merit
-He thought of Lafayette as a son. Lafayette counseled George and convinced him to come to Yorktown where the last battle was.
-His favorite general was Nathaniel Greene, a merchant who saved the troops at Valley Forge and rebuilt the Southern army. Greene never won a battle
-Only got to spend about 25% of his wife, Martha
-He stopped the Whiskey Rebellion with no bloodshed; he was the give keeping the country together when the Federalists and Anti Federalists were clashing (especially in his cabinet)
-He relied heavily on Alexander Hamilton, who was Secretary of Treasury, because his #1 problem was the national debt.
Intolerable Acts
-The king/Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party with the Intolerable Acts
-The money from the Boston Tea Party was meant to go to the king, so he got mad and passed these Acts to show that Britain was in power and they can make the colonies pay/get scared, but it doesn’t work
-Known as shock and awe, but instead the colonists fight back harder
-These Acts lead to the 1st Continental Congress
-Decided to start organizing militias
-Boston Harbor was closed, a Britain general replaced the governor in Boston
-Boston was placed under martial law
-if you see are out at night, British troops could legally shoot you
-Town meetings were restricted on when and where
Declaration of Independence
-This document formally broke the colonies from Britain and was mostly drafted by Thomas Jefferson
-Not all delegates signed it (vast majority did, but a dozen did not)
-This was a declaration of war, and now there is no going back
-It established the US, made the colonies separate from Britain, and explained the reasons why they revolted and how it was their right to do so (also, it started the revolutionary War)
Louisiana Purchase
-A land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. (Monticello)
Stamp Act
-Placed taxes on any articles written on paper, like newspapers, wills, licenses, deeds, pamphlets, dice, death certificates,etc.
-This direct tax affected all colonists and pushed many away from Britain
-Colonists responded with the Stamp Act Congress and refused to buy stamps and stamped paper
-Sons of Liberty used violence to help prevent any money from getting collected
-First measure to unite the colonies against Britain’s right to tax the colonies (was a direct tax, like sales tax today)
-After Proclamation Line, the Stamp Act angered them even more and may have pushed them to revolution
Battle of Saratoga
-American generals Arnold and Gates defeated and forced the surrender of Burgoyne’s entire army (red coat army)
-Burgoyne’s troops, defeated, were heading back to Saratoga, but they continued to run into Gate’s (American general) army and each time they lost hundreds of men, until on October 17,1777, Burgoyne surrenderd his army
-It was the turning point ( America started winning) and after the battle France allies with America and the Treaty of Alliance, a defense treaty created
-France wanted revenge and land
-Now, Britain is fighting the French, Spanish, and Colonists, so they must spread their military and focus, giving the colonists advantage since Britain is districted
-America starts winning and many loyalists stop fighting
-General Arnold was the real victor, but he got no credit, and since he was so full of himself, he became a traitor
Battle of Lexington/Concord
-Concord had the most flint/gunpowder and the British soldiers wanted to take away the militia’s weapons, so they marched to Concord. But through the Committee of Correspondence, Paul Revere and others set out to warn the local militias, who were ready and had hid the weapons.
-The militia won the battle and adore the British soldiers back to Boston (was the start of the Revolution)
-These battles occured before the 2nd Continental Congress yet many still didn’t want to go to war
-After the Intolerable Acts, patriots armed themselves, leading General Gage to March to Concord and the first shots of the conflict.
Proclamation Line of 1763
-Prevented colonists from setting in the rich farmland of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys
-An act where Britain said No! to setting west of the Appalachian Mts
-Colonists were running out of land and without land their kids would have nowhere to live, which made them mad because their kids were very important.
-Colonists gave Land/support and got nothing back
-Before giving the land, Colonists tried disobeying orders; most were removed by British soldiers, like Martins Ferry
-Colonists just lost around 10,000 men in the French and Indian War while fighting for Britain, yet they got none of the new land
-Big reason for Revolution
-The land went to the natives because Britain wanted a fur trade and wanted to control the colonists, but colonists have 8-12 kids and they needed more land
-After this, things started to snowball, like with the Stamp Act, and it created anger that would build up
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from having too much power
Propaganda
-A form of communication that uses biased info to influence/persuade an audience to support a cause
-Patriots used propaganda, like common sense, in the Committee of Correspondence to rally support for independence and make the British look bad
-Used to start conflict
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the Constitution which grant the liberty of it’s citizens.
1st Amendment
-Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, right to assemble, and right to petition.
2nd Amendment
Right to bear arms
5th Amendment
The right to remain silent; right to not incriminate ones self.
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
-Except as criminal punishment
15th Amendment
No one ( no men) can be kept from voting because of race,color, or previous condition of servitude.
Frederick Douglass
-Was a radical abolitionists
-Was a walking example that blacks did have the same abilities as whites because he was self taught and a dynamic speaker yet he had no formal schooling
-Destroys prejudice and racist stereotypes; showed that even Black people had the same abilities
- Went to talk to Lincoln about the recruitment of African Americans soldiers for the Civil War-Concern that there was also unequal pay
-Will claim in a letter that when he had that second conversation with Lincoln, he never felt more equal than a white
Thaddeus Stevens
-The leader of the Radical Republicans
-Most predominate radical republican;
-Is the force behind the 13th amendment being passed
-The best example of RR
-When he dies the radical republican movement basically dies with him
Northwest Ordinance
–chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory
-Settled issues involving government in that piece of land
-Explained that local government would be formed
-Eventually proved how we could make a territorial gov’t and a state
-Stated that people living in this piece of land were Americans and they would be protected by our gov’t/ later formed Constitution/ Bill of Rights
-Banned Slavery
Articles of the Confederation
-Written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. (U.S Department of State)
-States only had one vote
-Was all what the states could agree on
Shay’s Rebellion
-Farmers frustrated by high debt and heavy taxes, primarily due to the weak Articles of Confederation, violently protested against the state government by shutting down courts and attempting to seize the Springfield arsenal, ultimately highlighting the need for a stronger federal government to address such unrest. (Britannica)
-That lead to the government being discussed and the formation of the Constitution.
-Served as a spark for our government to fix the Articles of Confederation
Whiskey Rebellion
-Mostly affected farmers
-Caused by a federal excise tax that mostly affected farmers that they relied making their grain into Whiskey
-Rebelled to get tax repealed
-The Whiskey Rebellion was a serious challenge to federal gov’t and washington’s presidency
-To solve this George Washington leads a huge army and leads it half way, Hamilton carried the rest, scared of the rebels.
Virginia-Kentucky Resolution
-Virginia and Kentucky are the states are mad by the alien and seditions Acts they know its made to suppress the democratic Republicans which take up most of these states
-They decide to not obey any of the laws that Congress set due to their anger
Nationalism
-The identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests
- the idea that we are better
-Aggressive patriotism
Sectionalism
-The idea of being more loyal to a specific region of a country than to the country as a whole.
Examples:
-Indian Removal Acts
-Removed the Indians due to the claim that they were taking valuable land from the south that could be growing crops
-Nullification Crisis
-Benefited the north industrially
-Impacted the south's agricultural economy because of how expensive the tariff was for them.
Impeachment
-To accuse; you have decided to put that person on trial
-House of Representatives decide the impeachment -Senate decides to remove
-Not only Presidents can get impeached
-Judges,senators,etc
National Road
-Ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois through Northwest Territory and benefited them
-Was dirt roads but later conveyed to macadam (gravel), the 2nd of its kind, in 1830 (was originally built in 1811)
-Was part of the American System and was meant to unify the country and help the economy/infrastructure/ transportation
2nd Great Awakening (Age of Reform)
-When our nation develops a conscience
-The country is reacting to Nationalism/ Manifest Destiny -Saw that sometimes we went overboard,etc. -Religious movement turns into a social movement hence the reform movement
Religious:
- Creation of the Mormons,phillierties (7th Day Adventists), and others. -Open up the spectrum for religions besides Puritans
Social:
-Our nation starts to develop a conscience
-Reformed movements:
-Slavery
- Women rights
-Seneca Falls
- Education
- Temperance Movement
-banning of alcohol
Compromise of 1850
-Compromise of 1820 explains that north of border has no slavery and the south has slavery
-California wanted to become a state and threatened to be part of britain
-Missouri Compromise line ends becuase Califronia did not want to be split into 2 states.
-Compromise of 1850:
-No more selling slaves in capital
-Westward territories become a free for all - Popular Sovereignty (would be later resolved)
-California could become a state
Gold Rush
-It caused California to get a lot of people which then destroys the Compromise of 1820 Line.
-Instigates why California blows up with people in is ready to be a state way quicker before people expected.
Upton Sinclair
-Journalist and writer
-Could be considered a Muckrakers
-Wrote "Jungle"
-Non fiction
-He got a job at a meatpacking place
-Documented what was happening at meatpacking place
-Exposed animal pieces, saw dust, and shards of metal
-Started the president of government to regulation of food making
Jungle
-Wrote “Jungle”
-Non fiction
-He got a job at a meatpacking place
-Documented what was happening at meatpacking place
-Exposed animal pieces, saw dust, and shards of metal
Square Deal
-A economic plan from Teddy Roosevelt
Laissez faire government
-Means “hands off” in French
-When the government has little to no interference in the economy
- Let the market decide things
Samuel Adams
-The man who mostly caused the american revolution
-Responsible for boston massacre and boston tea part, and was a leader of sons of liberty
Eli Whitney
-Inventor of the Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
Cotton Gin
-A machine created by Eli Whitney that quickly/easily separate cotton fibers from their seeds
-Infamous (famous in negative way)
-Causes slavery to grow due to the idea that it made cleaning cotton way quicker meaning more work could get done. Additionally, plantation owners started growing more cotton needing more slaves for service.
-The Cotton Gin enabled a slave to clean 50 times the amount of cotton in one day.
-hort table cotton could grow anywhere
-Long stable cotton could grow on the area of coastal South Carolina,etc.
Five Civilized Tribes
-Five tribes that have largely given up the hunt and gather ways
Included:
-Choctaw
-Chickasaw
-Creek
-Seminole
-Cherokee
-Most important to remember
-Will bring case against Jackson
-Worcester V Georgia
Federalists Papers
-Written by Hamilton to convince people to support the Constitution
-Federal papers were largely written by alexander hamilton, we still use it till this day, the supreme court has used looked back at it, showed why we needed the us constitution
Anti Federalists
-Political group before the Constitution was formed that opposed the ratification of it.
Oregon Issue/Oregon Trail
-Many New Englanders head west due to the oregon trail
-Problem:
-British are to the north (us against the british)
-Polk campaigned that he could get all the land (demonstrated nationalism)
-We made an agreement USA gets the area of Oregon and Britain gets British Columbia
-Shared the Columbia river with Britain for 20 years
-Oregon Trail:
-People went on the dangerous Oregon Trail to get to great farmland in the Willamette Valley
-3000 people were there when the unrest started in Oregon (the land was claimed by US and Britain)
Mexican War
-Argues that our border is the Rio grande
-Mexico disagrees
-Polk gives this as an excuse
-Tells army to go town to the border area; he wants bloodshed -Mexico retreats to their fort -We build a fort in front; chemical warfare
-Battle happens in this region
-Polk argues that the Mexicans violated American Sovereignty
-Polk did not get all of Mexico because there was a lot of land and it could have all been slave states; Mexicans and there were Roman Catholics.
-Texas was already a state
-Mexican war was the best example of manifest destiny; the usa was engineer to it,
-After it, our country has to deal with the problem of slavery
-Finding it harder to control two sides because it was now a moral issue
National Bank
-Bank that has the government’s money
-Loans money to state and states have to pay an interest rate back
-How they earn money
Embargo Act
-The British and the French are taking american merchant ships and kidnapping american sailor–
- impressment
- -Key reason for Industrial Revolution
-Jefferson realized that the United States didn’t have a big enough navy and the citizen documents didn’t work, so he made the Embargo act that didn’t trading with the world.
-Fails to change Britain’s behavior and made our economy struggle
-Our country mostly made money off of tariffs
-Wealthy merchants started investing their money into Industry
-First type of Industry was Textiles
10% Plan
-Plan that required 10% of all whites in a Southern states to swear an oath of allegiance and support the banning of slaves in order to be accepted back into the Union (forgiven)
-Lincoln established this in the hopes that by bringing in Southern states, this percent was would grow
-Radical abolitionists were still angry at this because it was ONLY 10% of a whole population of a state
-Wade Davis Plan was then established which required 50% of the population of a Southern state to swear an oath of allegiance and support the banning of slavery to be allowed back into the Union
-Had to make a deal with the Democratic Party
Wade-Davis Bill
-Many Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, felt that the 10% Plan lenient
-Wade Davis Plan was later passed which required 50% of whites in a Southern state to swear an oath of allegiance and support the banning of slavery in order to be accepted back into the Union -Did this because they had to make a deal for Democratic Party
Black Codes
-A series of laws passed in Southern states to maintain blacks in an inferior economic position
a) Required one year contract for work
b) Forbid renting spaces in cities
c) Taxed if they worked jobs other than field hand.
Sharecropping
-An economic system where tenants worked a landowner’s land in exchange for a share of the crop (50%) and living accommodations
-It often trapped former slaves in a cycle of debt and poverty
Tenant Farming
-The right that freed slaves could rent land from a large landowner
Manifest Destiny
- The belief that God mandated expansion for resources and power
-Most appalling form of nationalism
-We will do things that are wrong -Can be argued that it begins with the Louisiana Purchase
-Now not only presidents but we also have governors trying to conquest land we do not own.
-Other Examples:
-Louisiana Purchase -Lumberjack War -Caroline Affair -Oregon Issue -Pig War
Thoughts:
1) We are the United states we are awesome
2) We are the United states and God is supporting us that we are awesome
3) we are only doing this to bring people the American way of freedom,democracy,etc.
Annexation of Texas
-Each spring, the Comanche tribe would attack the Mexicans
-Mexico was a didn’t like it so they told Americans to come so the Comanches would attack them instead but they defeated them
-More Americans continued to move there but they didn’t want to follow Mexico’s 3 rules
1) Had to become Mexican citizen 2) No Slavery 3) Become Catholic
-Texas Revolution occurs because Americans don’t want to abide by Mexican rules
-Texas becomes it’s own country/ But, Texas is broke and wants to join the US as a slave state which would upset the slave free state balance in the Senate and House of Representatives
-Also had a lot of land so bg population, which would influence the House, and if its splits multiple states, it would change power in the Senate -US doesn't want to bring them in until they threaten to join Britain causing the United States to agree and accept them in
-America had forced the weak Spanish to give up Florida with the Adams Onis Treaty which set the stage for the Texas Crisis.
-
Total War
-The Civil War was the start of the concept of “Total War”
-Meant to destroy a country’s ability to wage war; crops, industry, etc.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
-Added Missouri to the Union as a slave state and added Maine as a free state.
-Created an imaginary line 36 degrees 30 and any new state South of it would be a slave state and anything North was a free state
-Created to settle the balance of slave/free states after the Louisiana Purchase
-When California petitions to become a free state, if accepted, would put the slave states in a minority in the Senate
-The admission violate the compromise because the 36 degree 30 ran through California
-This way ended and 1850 Compromise was created -Kansas-Nebraska Act also abolished this and used popular sovereignty instead
American System
A government-sponsored economic plan that promoted industry and economic growth in the United States
Sherman’s March to the Sea
-Example of Total War
-Was psychological warfare/shock and awe
-Confederate men left their posts to go and try to defend their families, leaving Confederate forces weakened.
-Atlanta was 1st and primarily for business
-Sherman and Lincoln and Grant meet
-Sherman wanted to go on a trip in Georgia
-60,000 Union truth plunge into Georgia and steal crops from the land
-concept of total war
-When Sherman gets to Savannah, they basically ask to not destroy anything; he needed it to bring in supplies
-Shows that South is hollow and that he just walked towards the hugest state in the South
2nd South Carolina was for “revenge” and the men showed no mercy
-First state that left the Union
-Caused the Nullification Crisis
North Carolina, Sherman demonstrated that he could control his men, were merciful more than SC, the war was basically over at this point
Samuel Slater
-The founder of the American Industrial Revolution
-He builds the very first real factory (Textile Mill)
Common Man
-The group of who are also known as as the “uneducated masses” and did not own land
Social Darwinism
A moral concept/idea that only the hardest working and luckiest prosper.
Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption
-Later used exaggeration to gain money
Ellis Island
-Was built in 1892 as “1st Immigration Center”
-Main point for immigrants coming from the East Coast
-Later closed in 1940s
-Museum today
-The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe
-It was where the immigrants processed through
-When coming to this island, a series of medical and legal inspections would take place before you were allowed to take a ferry into the city.
-Legal inspection
-depends on a country's state due to war,etc.
Angel Island
-Only immigration center on the West Coast
-Where Asians were exploited (Mostly Chinese)
-Made it very hard for them to immigrate to the United States
-You didn’t spend much time on Ellis Island
-Angle Island was similar to a detention company -Much worse than Ellis Island
-Chinese women would go into an arranged brofle
-Men mostly populated California due to the gold rush
-When these women finished they would go back to China If still alive
To what extent did social movements effect cultural change in the United States?
-Argue
-2nd Great Awaking
-Idea that Puritans weren't the only religions
-When the colonies were founded, each had a religious tone
-First great awakening began to break that
-Weren't really respected
-2nd Great Awakening
-Two components:
-Religious
-Greeting other religions like Milirites and Mormons
-Social:
-Gave rise to the Reform Movement
-Starting to get guilty of Manifest Destiny and Nationalism
-Our nation develops a national conscience
-Abolitionists
-Educational Reform
-Temperance movement
-Hospital Reforms
To what degree did ideas of liberty and/or commerce (wealth) influence the colonial thinking about revolution?
-Did we fight the American revolution over money or liberty
-More about money and land instead of liberty
-Stamp Act (money)
-Intolerable Acts (money)
-Proclamation Line of 1763 (land)
-Land was the only way to make money in peoples mind at the time
Liberty:
-Quartering Acts
-Housing soldiers
-Stamp Act
-Direct Act —-> could not do
-Intolerable Acts
-Placed Boston under Marshall law
-Ritz of Assistance
-Saying that ships could be searched
Argue whether Jackson’s Admiration a positive or negative influence on the United States?
-7th President of the United States from 1829 to 1837, seeking to act as the direct representative of the common man
-Nationalist
-Good:
-Established the Democratic Party
-Removed Property Requirements
-Campaign to the People
-Paid off our national debt over the course of 3 months
-He advocated the creation of a canal across Nicaragua
In between:
-Nullification Crisis -Solved the problem -Violated supremacy clause; Jackson did not challenge this concept of Virginia and Kentucky Resolution in the Supreme Court.
-Bad
-Petti Coat Affair
-Secretary of war Eaton
-Jackson reacts to this because it is similar to how his wife felt
-Resigned most of his cabinet.
-Spoils System
-10% were only fired, but many were corrupt/incompetent -New York Collector stole 1 million
-Ugly
-Indian Removal Act
-15000 died
-2nd trail of tears - Defied supreme court led by John Marshall
-Made Indians sign the petition for the act and manipulated them
-Racism
What were the important concepts and components of the U.S. Constitution?
-Bill of Rights
-Three Branches
-Checks and Balances
-Johnson was impeached because he broke the Tenure of Office Act (created by the democratic republicans just so he could be impeached)
-He was a blockade for the reform movement
-13th Amendment
How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of children and women and various immigrant groups?
-Began with Sam Slater
–Children
-Harsh conditions due to machines
-Would get hurt so business emerged into women
-Lowell Girls (after children)
-Gave woman a sense of independence due to:
-Being able to have their own jobs
-Formed Unions
-Engaged in stikes
-Economic Liberty - could use their own money to shop
-Good pay
-Created Main street
-Improved social status
-Showed that women WERE capable of working, showing that they were actually making money which started to break the bias
-Immigrants
-Irish were willing to work for less causing Women to not be used in a work setting as much
-
-Demanded good education for children
-Will lead to progressives because they quality would get worse and worse causing these people to form unions.
Why was the nation unable to stop the outbreak of the American Civil War?
The nation was unable to stop the outbreak of the American Civil War because of the deep and growing divisions regarding the issue of slavery
Initially the idea was to have balance between the states
Slavery was more about power
-North and South accepting equal balance in the Senate
States coming into the Union had to be balanced
All changed after California became a state and the Mexican War
-Showed that:
This system wasn’t going to work
-Compromise of 1850
-Bleeding Kansas which led to Pottawatomie Creek
-Led by John Brown who initially pushed people to pick a side eventually leading to the civil war
-Eventually slavery became a moral issue after Uncle Tom’s Cabin (no longer political issue)
-A lot of people started to believe that if you owned slaves you were a bad person
-Southerners started to feel this moral
-Eventually led to succession
Why can Reconstruction be viewed as a success and a failure?
-Success
-13th Amendment which established the banning of slavery and other sources of labor
-You could not own another human and consider them to be your property
-The South is back into the Union
-Failures
-The idea that we had to establish the 14th and 15th Amendments to deal with racism
-Rise and support of the KKK 1866-1880
-Freedmen’s Bureau
How did the policies and events of the Washington and Jefferson administrations’ impact the development of the United States.
-Our future President
- Helped with
- national bank
- whiskey rebellion
-Having an enduring impact on our future president
-Sent two term limit
22nd Amendment
-Washington sent the tone that the us would follow the neutrality proclamation
-Jefferson
-Louisiana purchase
-Begins nationalism and Manifest Destiny because he will buy Louisiana.
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
-Sending these men into territory we did not own so we can own it later
-Fort clapstock
-Embargo Act
-Caused a lot of unrest and people lost a lot of jobs in northeast
- It is a contributing factor to the industrial revolution
1st and 2nd National Bank
1st National Bank
-conceived and created by alexander hamilton because he will create the first national bank (had permission to run/charter for 20 years ran out before 1812)
-2nd National bank (has also 2 years)
-expired during the presidency of Jackson
-Hated it becuase he was Southerner/ was limited (goal was trying to control inflation) - Served as our checking account -Jackson decides to destroy bank by taking all federal funds out of it and putting it into "Pet banks" / many started failing causing the Panic of 1837
King Phillips War
-It is an example of how harshly and unfair we treated the Native Americans
-Were exploited for their knowledge,strategies, stuff, and land, etc.
John Brown
-Radical Abolitionist- wanted to end slavery
-Contributed the most to the American civil war
-Attack a Pottawatomie Creek
-Attacks Harpers Ferry
-Wanted to create an all black state.
Bleeding Kansas
-The first example of sectionalism being violent
-What happened:
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 allowed settlers in Kansas to vote on whether to permit slavery.
This reopened the possibility of slavery extending into new territories north of the Missouri Compromise line.
Other factors that contributed to the violence included rival territorial governments, election fraud, and land claims.
Violence
-The violence included murder, mayhem, destruction, and psychological warfare.
- A particularly horrific incident was the Pottawatomie Creek massacre in May 1856, where abolitionist John Brown and his sons killed five pro-slavery advocates.
Aftermath
The violence intensified the debate over slavery in the United States and served as a key precursor to the Civil War. Kansas entered the Union as a free state on January 29, 1861.
Impact
The violence in Kansas contributed to a rise in anti-slavery sentiment in the North. Aid movements like the New England Emigrant Aid Company helped establish towns in Kansas that became strongholds of Republican and abolitionist sentiment.
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
Daughters of Liberty:
-Daughters of liberty is something the historians created to describe the efforts of what women did to describe their input in the American Revolution
-Eaton Party
-Described how women stopped drinking tea for protest
Son of Liberty:
-Organization and had members/leaders
-Terrorist group
States Rights
The belief that states have equal power to that or the federal government.
-States rights people beloved that if it is not explicitly said in the Constitution its a NO
-They did not like the Elastic Clause
Sugar Act
-Britain needs money and needs it badly
-Decide to tariff sugar and molasses
-For general colonists not a newsflash
-Merchants is a big deal
-would not be able to smuggle as easily
-If they got caught smuggling, the punishment was intense
-When the British took control of John Hancock’s ship (biggest smuggler) they took his stock and his ship
Alien and Sedation Acts/ Non Intercourse Act
-Alien and Sedation Acts
Was passed by the Federalists congress
-Direct attack towards the democratic republicans
-Alien act
-Constitutional but it was targeting a democratic republicans
-President could deport any non citizen who they suspected to be unsafe
-Limited immigration
-Sedation Acts’
-Put people in jail for talking badly about the government
-Violated first amendment
-Non Intercoarse Act
–Jefferson allowed the states to trade with everyone besides France and England.
-Was not beneficial to a certain extent due to the fact that 85% of trade was done with England and France.
King Cotton
-The concept that cotton was so valuable that the Europeans and the North would not even fight them if they left
-Thought of the South as an economic leverage
Nullification Crisis
-Jackson is president and a southerner
-Should hate protective tariffs but he is a nationalist
-Agrees to a protective tariff that agrees to protective our country's war machine (so we could generate
-Calhoun did not like it and jackson refused to revoke it
-Makes a document and argues the Virginia Kentucky Resolutions and adds to it
-Talks about leaving the union -Direct threat to union,nationalism, and personally Jackson.
- South Carolina attempted to declare a federal tariff “null and void” within their state, essentially refusing to follow it, arguing that the federal government was overstepping its power; this primarily benefited the Southern states, particularly South Carolina, who felt unfairly targeted by the high tariffs on imported goods that primarily impacted their agricultural economy.
Abigail Adams
Was a Feminist
