UA conditions Test #2 Flashcards by Joysa S.

Fatigue headaches fever exertional dyspnea

all anemias

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Acute blood loss anemia PP

accident or internal hemorrhage

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Acute blood loss anemia Blood test

normochromicmacrocytosispoikilosytosisnucleated rbireticulocytesincreases WBCs (neutrophils)anisocytosisdecreased platelets”norma makes peter nut really intense all day”

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Chronic blood loss anemia PP

slow internal bleeding (not noticed until iron depleted)

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Chronic blood loss anemia blood test

MicrocyticHypochromicincreased plateletsleukopenia

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Iron deficient anemia PP

currently pregnant, young child growing fastPICAassociated with ulcers and gastrectomy

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Iron deficient S&S

PICAParesthesiaBurning tongueAngular stomatitis (cracking mouth in corners)GastritisDysphagiaSpooning nails”Peter’s penis burns all day, got syphilis”

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Iron deficient Anemia BT

Decrease MCV Decrease MCHC Decrease HCT (hematocrit)microcyticnormal WBCHypochromicAnisocytosis Poikilocytes

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Iron depletion

loss exceeds intakemobilized iron storage

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Iron deficient erythropoeisis

decreased serum ferrite’ssaturated transfurens

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megaloblastic anemia

pernicious anemiafolate deficient anemia

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pernicious anemia PP

numbness or tingling in distal extremitydifficulty walkingepisodic abdominal paingastroectomyA vegantapworm

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Pernicious anemia S&S

atrophic glossitis (sore, raw pale)episodic abdominal painPallesthesia loss of vibratory sensationsUMNL (paresthesia)post column-pins/needles in distal extremitylat column- weakness, spastic

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Pernicious anemia blood test

increased MCVdecreased hematocritnormochromicmacrocyticPoikilocytesovalcytesphlimsy RBC

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normal iron problem with dna synth.

pernicious anemia

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only vitamin exclusive to microorganismsstored in liverdepleted in people with gastroectomy or vegan

B12

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Treatment of pernicious anemia

intraMuscular injection of B12

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FOLATE DEFICIENCYPP

formeruser of alcoholpregnantw/ fatiguenormalB12Heatfood or use powder milkvegans

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FOLATE DEFICIENCY BT

↓ Serum FolateB12 normalPlatletsnormalWBCnormal

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STOREDin LIVERformedby intestinal bacteria

folate

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deficiency in folate

Heat foodsPowdered MilkGoats Milk

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APLASTIC ANEMIAPP

bloodtest with pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cells)nose/ gum bleedingInfection

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APLASTIC ANEMIA SS

bleedingfrom the gumsnosebleeds frequent↑susceptibility to infection

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Aplastic Anemia BT

NormocytesThrombocytopeniaLeucocytopenia↑serum feritanNormochromicB12 & Folic acid normal

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BoneMarrow production problem2 WAYS:

1) Direct Destruction of Hematocrit[Drugs (chlorophenical), radiation, virus, hepatitis, Epsteinbarr]2) ImmuneComplexMediated Destruction of Marrow Cells

Aplastic Anemia

BoneMarrow Transplant

Hemolytic Anemias

Intrinsic and extrinsic formsoften leasts to Gallstones

Hemolytic intrinsic

IntrinsicFormproblemw/ membrane, metabolic, or hemoglobin disorder

Hemolytic extrinsic

ExtrinsicForm factorsoutside the RBC (aquired)***MC cause: malaria

Renal Insufficiency Anemia

↓ ErythropoietinBUNpresent↑ Hemolysis↑ Urobilinogen levels

Liver Disease Anemia

↓ production & survival of RBC↑ Blood volume.↑ ReticulocytesPlateletsnormalLeucocytesnormalNormo&Macrocytic

spur cells are associated with

cirrhosis

cirrhosis anemia

↑ CholesterolPhospholids normal (trapped in spleen & destroyed)

Hypothyroidism [Endocrine]

NOReticulocytestestosteronedeficientcy (low RBC production)Normo–cyte & chromic↓cortisol

Bone Marrow Infiltration

Leukemia,Lymphoma, Mets, MM, Red marrow replaced

Hereditary Spherocytosis PP

youngchild w/ jaundicesplenomegalyIncreaseurobilinogenbrownstool

Hereditary Spherocytosis S&S

↑ Urobilinogen in urineJaundiceBrownStoolspleenomegalyMacrocyticcells (lyses when going through capillary)

Hereditary Spherocytosis BT

increased Neutrophils w/ shift to left↑ Reticulocytes↑ MCHCNORMALMCVThrombocytesNormo/Giant PlateletsMacrocytic

Hereditary Spherocytosis treatment

Spleenectomy

*** Occurs from a SUBSTITUTION of VALINE for Glutamine at the 6 th Postion on Beta ChainIRREVERSABLE↓O 2

Sickle Cell Disease

Problem w/ Bone Marrow Hyperplasia(ulcer in leg)

Sickle cell disease

sickle cell disease PP

AfricanAmerican decentswellingin dorsum of hand & footDecreasedO2Periostitis

sickle cell disease S&S

Normo–cytic & chromicPeriostitis(before age 4) &hand& feet syndrome (swelling on dorsal side)Spleen Triad1) blood pooling2) spleenomegaly & hypovolemic shoke3) Functional Asplenia ( blocked RE filters)

Sickle cell Blood test

Howard Jolly Bodies (remnants of chromatin of RBC)TargetCellsSickleCellsTripanocytes

Problemnot making on polypeptide chain at the same rate as the other***MC are Alpha & Beta chainsDestabilizesthe RBC

Thalassemiaaka [Medditeranean, Cooley's Anemia]

Thalassemia PP

European decentDelayed pubertyprominent jawmongoloid appearance

Thalassemia Blood Test

Extreme PoikilocytesHoward Jolly Bodies↓ MCVMicrocyticHypochromicOvalcytesTarget Cells

**Beta Major thalassemia

Iron overloadJaundiceLeg ulcerationSplenomegaly

thalassemia treatments

Minor(none needed)Major(blood transfusion, splenoectomy)

Metabolic Hemolysis

deficit in enzyme activity of RBCInherited

Metabolic Hemolysis lack of

Lacking:pyruvate kinaseglycolytic enzymesmitochondriaG6P DehydrogenasePyramidine 5 Nucleotidase

(group of diseases that cuase cancer in Lymphnodes)(usually B &T cells)

NonHodgkin’sLymphoma

NonHodgkin’sLymphoma S&S

-Slow progressive-Painless Lymphoadenopathy (pathological lymphnodes)-one or widespread-Night Sweats-Located retroperitoneal, pelvic, abdominal areas-seen on Xray (dense white masses)-further tested by CT & Xrays-Mediastinal (behind sternum)-Edemain the Face-ureteralblockages (oliguria)-anemia (bone marrow infiltration)

NonHodgkin’sLymphoma lab study

Normal

diagnosis for non hodgkin's

chest X-ray

***Greatest Age risk (15-35yrs)***painless mass in neck

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

ReedSternbergCells in lab tests

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma PP

painless mass in neck (made painful by alcohol consumption)Intense itching over the bodydifficulty swallowing

Hodgkin's S&S

***Ivory Vertebra***Spinal Cord Compression***Horner’s syndromeleg edematracheal blockagearises in one node, then metastasis

leukemia Chronic vs acute

chronic- normocytic normochomicacute- pancytopenia, circulating leukoblasts

CLL

90% >50 years oldincidental discoveryisolated lymphocytesmalignancy of B lymphocytes

CML

young middle aged adults

ALL

80% of all childhood leukemia3-7 y/oquick onsetlymph swelling

AML

few months old or 60+ yearsBone marrow swelling