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first test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of the glomerular capillary wall from inside out

A
  1. endothelial cells (with fenestra)2. Glomular basement membrane3. Visceral epithelial cells
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2
Q

glucose renal threshold is 160-180 mg/dl

A

maximum range of glaucoma reabsorption in the renal tubule

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3
Q

aldsosterone is for _____ reabsorption and is released by the the ______ _____

A

sodium, zona glomerulosa (adrenal cortex)

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4
Q

releases the trigger for angiotensin II

A

aldosterone

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5
Q

order of cellular cast degradation

A

cellular >granular>waxy

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6
Q

indicates cholecystitis

A

murphey’s sign

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7
Q

green brown urine usually indicates

A

cholecystits (positive murphy’s sign)

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8
Q

urine dark with yellow foam

A

Icterus/jaundice

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9
Q

presence of bilirubin in urine

A

Liver or gallbladder disease

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10
Q

elevated level of conjugated serum bilirubin implies

A

liver disease or cholestatic disease

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11
Q

Direct bilirubin is soluble in water (conjugated)

A

true

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12
Q

Bilirubin+albumin is unconjugated

A

non water soluble

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13
Q

bilirubin comes from the breakdown of

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

what increases urobilnogen

A

hemolytic anemia

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15
Q

ketones + suger =

A

diabetes mellitus

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16
Q

down regulation of receptors is usually an issue for

A

diabetes mellitus

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17
Q

______ are made by the liver for ____ metabolism

A

ketones, fat

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18
Q

Renin is release by the______ of the kidney is response to volume _____

A

juxtaglomerular, depletion

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19
Q

what is a precursor to angiotensinogen

A

Renin

20
Q

sudden onset of severe pain originating at the flank and radiating inferiorly and anteriorly

A

renal colic

21
Q

Ca Oxalate and amophous crystals are found in ___ PH ruine and in ______ solute concentration

A

low (below 7), high

22
Q

renal colic what test should be positive

A

murphy’s punch

23
Q

Ca Oxalate crystals can indicate

A

Kidney stones

24
Q

drinking alcohol puts one at greater risk for

A

kidney stones

25
Q

ADH works at the _______ of the kidney

A

Cortical collecting tubule and the collecting duct

26
Q

signs of pyelonephritis (infection)

A

increase wbcs, painful urination, no sexual activity

27
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of kidney not associated with infection

28
Q

Most likely bacteria of UTI

A

e.coli

29
Q

what ph of urine is optimal for e.coli

A

7.24 (7+ to survive)

30
Q

high specific gravity with, cholesterol crystals, fatty/ waxy casts, with lots of edema and ascites

A

nephrotic syndrome

31
Q

_______ is commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

glomerulonephritis

32
Q

cannot metabolize branch chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine)

A

maple syrup urine disease

33
Q

alport syndrome

A

glomerulonephritis, manifested by nephritic syndrome

34
Q

spenomegaly, hepatomegaly are associated with

A

alport syndrome

35
Q

ADH is produced in the ______ and released by _____

A

hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

36
Q

Diabetes insipidous

A

polyuria, insufficient ADH, low specific gravity due to frequency of urination

37
Q

most common cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting (loss of H+)

38
Q

rbc casts, mild to moderate proteinurea, and no pitting edema…

A

nephritic syndrome

39
Q

fatty casts 3.4 or more grams of protein and pitting edema

A

nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

ADH is made in the ______ and released from the _____

A

hypothalamus, post. pituitary

41
Q

Usually found with UTIs

A

triple phosphate

42
Q

GMN signs

A

proetinuria, hematuria, darker urine, edema, hypertension, oliguria

43
Q

uncontrolled DM, what is the immediate threat?

A

GMN

44
Q

ketones with absence of glucose but not dieting ____ must be considered in the diff diagnosis

A

cancer

45
Q

elevated HCG levels in 24 hour urine specimen may indicate what?

A

pregnancy

UA (6 decks)

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