U.8 Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

AIDS

A

a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy

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2
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening immune response to foreign substance that causes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, and bronchospasms

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3
Q

aneurysm

A

widening and balooning of the blood vessel, weakening of the blood vessel wall.

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4
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

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5
Q

anemia
1- aplastic
2- hemolytic
3- iron deficiency
4- pernicious
5- sickle cell

A

pathological reduction of red blood cells characterized by patient weakness and fatigue
1- red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
2- destruction of red blood cells
3- inadequate iron intake
4- vitamin B deficiency affecting red blood cell production
5- misshaped red blood cells causing obstructions

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6
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by body due to presence of an antigen

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7
Q

antigen

A

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

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8
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart; caused by weak heart valve

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9
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the atrium

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10
Q

atrial septal defect

A

flaw in the atrial system

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11
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused by the immune system attacking healthy body tissue

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12
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of circulation

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13
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

heart cavity unable to pump all blood out of it, heart wall becomes stretched causing weak/slow pumping of blood

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14
Q

congestive heart failure

A

inability of the heart chambers to pump and fill adequately resulting in a build up of fluid in the lungs and surrounded body tissues

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15
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass narrowed or blocked coronary artery and improve blood supply to the heart

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16
Q

coronary artery disease

A

an abnormal condition that may affect the heart’s coronary arteries and circulation which can cause damage to the heart tissue

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17
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clot located in the deeper veins of the body. usually the lower extremity

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18
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of the skin caused by bruising

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19
Q

embolus

A

any form of matter that begins to form in circulation (air bubble, blood clot, and/or plaques)

20
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

virus that causes mononucleosis

21
Q

hemophilia

A

inability for the blood to clot due to a hereditary lack of blood clotting factors

22
Q

hemorrhage

A

blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel

23
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system involving uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes

24
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

25
Q

Holter monitor

A

a small portable device worn by a patient during normal activity to obtain a record of cardiac arrhythmia

26
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a virus that attacks the immune system and suppresses the immune response which then progresses to AIDS

27
Q

immunocompromised

A

having an impaired immune system that does not respond normally or completely to a pathogen or disease

28
Q

ischemia

A

reduced blood flow

29
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells

30
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

31
Q

malaise

A

vague feeling of bodily discomfort which may be the first indication of infection or disease

32
Q

measles

A

a viral infection causing a red, blotchy rash; can be fatal in small children

33
Q

mononucleosis

A

a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, transmitted through saliva and characterized by fatigue, rash, and swollen glands

34
Q

mumps

A

a viral infection that affects the salivary glands

35
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound due to inability of heart valves to close completely during contractions

36
Q

myocardial infraction

A

death of heart muscle tissues also known as a heart attack

37
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a package

38
Q

palpitation

A

an abnormal rapid or irregular beating of the heart

39
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all cellular components of the blood

40
Q

pericardial effusion

A

extra fluid collecting between the heart and paricardium, causing pressure on the heart

41
Q

petechiae

A

small bruising of the skin

42
Q

polycythemia

A

abnormal increase of red blood cells which risk of clots

43
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to lungs

44
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection causing a distinctive red rash and fever

45
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

a streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle

46
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to entire body

47
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

flaw in the septum between the ventricles