U6 Flashcards
triple alliance
germany austria italy
triple entente
russia france brittain
who killed austrian heir
serbain nationalist
WWI was a competition for?
colonies
consciption
compusary military service
What was the reaction of many European intellectuals to the experience of World War I?
a. Newfound patriotism.
b. Profound disillusionment with European civilization.
c. Most intellectuals were killed in the war.
d. Most were not concerned with the war at all.
b
Which of the following seriously weakened Wilson’s idea of a League of Nations?
a. Language barriers
b. Wilson’s own overbearing personality
c. Failure of U.S. Senate to ratify the League
d. Failure of many major nations to join the League
c
The “Axis” nations were united by their opposition to what international movement?
a. Fascism
b. Communism
c. Imperialism
d. Industrialization
b
Mussolini’s “fascist” movement came to power promising an alternative to what?
a. Democracy
b. Communism
c. Both democracy and communism
d. Monarchy
c
axis WWII
germany japan italy
alliances WWII
brittain US
In what way was nationalist Japan most similar to Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany?
a. Widespread arrest and execution of political opponents
b. Political takeover of right-wing radical groups
c. Complete censorship over intellectuals and artists
d. Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire-building.
d
Which of the following is NOT an example of the term “Total War” during WWII?
a. The firebombing of German cities by Britain and the United States
b. The mass rape and mutilation of Chinese women by Japanese troops in Nanjing
c. The bombing of Pearl Harbor
d. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States
c
What happened to European economies after the United States began its Marshall Plan in 1948?
a. Europe saw massive economic growth and widespread prosperity.
b. Europe sank deeper into economic misery.
c. The Marshall Plan helped initially, but could not sustain Europe’s broken economy in the long run.
d. The European economy recovered, but only after several decades of recession and poverty.
a
gorbachev
the first soviet leader to start chipping away at communism
denounced great purge
gasnot
gorbachev policy: openness
perestroika
gorbachev: restructing
great purge
when stalin killed many of his enemies through bogus trials, secret police etc.
“ethnic cleansing” in soviet russia
wipeout bosnian and albanian muslims by christians
solidarity movement
poland
1980
workers going against communism
Lech Walesa
leader of solidarity movement
teh two religions separating india
islam and hinduism
who lead the muslims in india
jinnah
muslim countries from india
pakistan and bangladesh
why didn’t africa succeed?
uneducated
national unity among the natives was hard to foster
what happened to the carcass of the ottoman empire
carvedup by brittain and soviets
balfour
we brits say jews deserve israel
pogroms
russian anti-semitic mobs
six days war
fight for israel
Reza Shah does what for Iran
must modernise!
what came with Reza’s changes
higher eduation
women’s rights
why did the iranian revolution occur
iranians thought the western influence was becoming too strong
why did hte Iran Iraq war happen?
Iran was in an unstable state
what were the consequences of the iranian revolution?
theocracy
rules based on quran
why did the US aid sadaam hussein
iran took US hostages
Irans problems now
powerstruggle between powerful islamics and modern western thinkers
persian gulf war
getting the iraqis out of kuwait (OIL)
taliban
islamic fundamentalist regime
why does Osama Bin Laden not like Saudi Arabia?
He thinks SA has become too cozy with the US, infidels, and SA has a lot of important muslim sites.
EU formation reasons
to compete against US economy after the threat of Soviet went away
depose
Remove from office suddenly and forcefully.
egalitarian
belief in equality
national socialist party
nazis
arch duke who died that started WWI
archduke franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
Who killed hte archbishop
Serbian nationalist
central powers
austria-hungary, germany and ottoman empire
WWI allies
brit france Russia Japan
isolationism
US in WWI.
declare neutral
zimmermann telegram
mexico might want to join forces w/ Germany
US: were joining WWI!
Treaty of Versailles
cripple germany. blame it on ‘em
austria-hungary into separate nations
fourteen points
speech by Wilson. Free territories in EUROPE
league of nations
enforcing treaty of versaille
Russian Revolution
overthrow Czar Nicholas
soviets
represented interest of workers, peasants anad soldiers
bolsheviks
professional revolutionists
april theses
peace, land for peasants and power to soviets
who did the red army fight
the trouble makers in the baltic republics
who did the red army fight for
trotsky/bolsheviks
Mustafa Kemal
first president of modern Turkey
made it secular
Westernization
no veiling in public
what did Lenin start before he died
New Economic Policy (NEP)
some capitalistic aspects
who followed Lenin
Stalin
Stalin and NEP
too slow! lets do Five Year Plans instead
Five Year Plans
take private farm lands and make the crops i want to grow.
collectivization
taking everyones farms
Where did financial headquarters move to after WWI
london –> new york
why the great depression?
US stock market crash
kept lending to Euro
fascism
unify society
nationalismtic
Mussolini
italy
blackshirts
to fight socialist and communist organizations
fascism for or against communism?
against
when did communism start to get accepted/spread?
after the devastations of the world wars
what kind of gov. Weimar Republic
weak democracy
reichstag
was a legislative body of Germany during weimar rep
hitler and mussolini. different?
hitler more about superiority of race
Third Reich
nazi germany
why did a lot of Germans follow Hitler even if they thought he was wrong
he was their only hope
Nationalism in Europe and Japan
extreme racism fascism and domination
Nationaism in colonies
self-determination, to determine ones identit
irony of treaty of versailles
it was written to limit German powers. However, when they went against it, everyone was too afraid to start another WWII
who was occupying Spain in the time of Hitler
Francisco Franco
Munich Conference of 1938
we’ll give you Czech without Czechs permission, so please don’t do anything else. pretty please?
non-agression pact
don’t got to war ‘til theyre attacked
nazi-soviet pact
germany will not invade russia
OKed germany to take Poland
what did taking Poland result in?
WWII. Oh shit, they’re not gonna stop..
Anti-Comintern Pact
Japan-Germany
against Communist Russia
blitzkrieg
lightening warfare
expensive thing britain invested in during WWII
radar
Tripartite Pact
Japan-Rome-Berlain
if US attack, help each other
D-day
liberate France
Manhattan project
East Euro Scientists
atomic
Red Army
Russian Peasant Army
Marxism found few supporters in the late nineteenth century because..
working conditions in factories imporved due o union demands
During the Cold War, standard in living in Western Europe decline or improve
improved
what effects did Red Scare have on hte US
national security state
“imperial” status of president
How did Communism go down all around the world
Mao’s death
Everyone knows of the failure
Which of the following best characterizes the initial aims of the Indian National Congress (INC)?
a. A violent revolution against the British rule
b. Promoting loyal obedience to the British rule
c. Gaining position of influence in British India to protect Indian interests
d. Writing a constitution for a newly independent India
c
What was Gandhi’s attitude toward the prospect of a modern, industrial future for India?
a. He was opposed to it.
b. He actively supported it.
c. He was not concerned with the future of India, only the present.
d. He initially was opposed, but when he saw the beautiful factories in England, he changed his mind.
a
What was the fate of many of the political parties that had led the movements for independence in Africa after independence was achieved?
a. Most were soon swept away by military coups.
b. Most remained popular for decades.
c. Most splintered into different factions which gave rise to a vibrant democracy.
d. In formerly British colonies, democratic systems remained, but in French, Belgian, and Portuguese colonies, military regimes quickly took power.
a
What kind of external pressure was put on South Africa’s white leadership to end Apartheid and allow blacks to vote and have equal rights?
a. NATO threatened to invade South Africa.
b. Other independent African countries threatened to invade South Africa.
c. The U.S. government loudly denounced the immorality of Apartheid and broke off diplomatic relations with the racist government.
d. Sporting events, entertainers, and many large businesses boycotted South Africa, isolating it culturally and economically from much of the world.
d
Which of the following is NOT an explanation offered by historians and scholars as to why democracy failed in so many African countries after independence?
a. Africa’s traditional culture is based on consensus and thus not compatible with multiparty democracy.
b. Trying to take on immense economic development at the same time as a huge political transition to democracy is simply too much for any society to manage.
c. They lacked natural resources.
d. Unrealistic expectations for the future were followed by widespread disillusionment.
c
How did Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, view the role of Islam in the state?
a. He based his ideas of the state on Islamic principles.
b. He saw the public or political role of Islam as an obstacle to modernizing Turkey.
c. He disliked the influence of Islam, but knew he was powerless to diminish it.
d. He was determined to use the state to wipe out all traces of Islam.
b
In what way did Ataturk’s modern Turkey show clear continuity with the past Ottoman Empire?
a. Its leaders continued to wear tradition Ottoman dress.
b. The use of Arabic as the official language was retained.
c. Turkey’s foreign policy once again focused its hostility on Europe.
d. Modern Turkey remained for the most part a dictatorship with little political freedom.
d
What happened to the living standards in most of Africa between 1980 and 2000?
a. They rose.
b. They remained steady.
c. They fell.
d. They rose in some countries, but fell in others.
c
How did the Chinese Communist Party adapt its ideology and strategy during its long struggle to power?
a. It focused solely on the cities and the working class.
b. It focused solely on assassinating top Japanese and Guomindang leaders.
c. It focused on returning to traditional Confucian values of social hierarchy and patriarchy.
d. It focused on creating peasant communism and rural guerilla warfare.
d
. Which of the following was NOT a way in which the Chinese Communists under Mao Zedong gained the widespread support of the peasantry?
a. By promising the end of the rural way of life
b. By offering protection against Japanese and Nationalist atrocities
c. By seizing land from landlords and distributing it to peasants
d. By teaching literacy to adults and mobilizing women
a
Which of the following best describes the initial policies of the Soviet and Chinese Communist Parties toward women after taking power?
a. They forced women to obey their husbands.
b. They talked about gender equality, but it was only lip service.
c. They achieved far-reaching freedom for women.
d. They paid no attention to women’s issues at all.
c
How did the Bolshevik efforts at land redistribution compare with Chinese Communist efforts at land redistribution?
a. The Bolsheviks found the task much more difficult than the Chinese Communists.
b. Both the Bolsheviks and the Chinese Communists found the task difficult.
c. Both the Bolsheviks and the Chinese Communists found the task quite easy.
d. The Bolsheviks found the task much easier than the Chinese Communists.
d
Why did the Soviet Union so greatly value the Communist regime in Cuba?
a. They were seduced by Cuba’s exotic Latin culture.
b. It provided a tropical vacation spot for Soviet leaders.
c. It was the first country where Communism triumphed without the help of the Soviet Army.
d. It provided a perfect base for the USSR to carry out its plans for an invasion of the United States.
c
What helped sustain the immense military effort involved in the United States’ efforts to contain the spread of communism?
a. Population growth
b. A booming consumer economy
c. Large contributions by allies
d. Widespread opposition to the Soviet Union around the world
b
How did the Chinese Communist Party adapt its ideology and strategy during its long struggle to power?
a. It focused solely on the cities and the working class.
b. It focused solely on assassinating top Japanese and Guomindang leaders.
c. It focused on returning to traditional Confucian values of social hierarchy and patriarchy.
d. It focused on creating peasant communism and rural guerilla warfare.
d
. Which of the following was NOT a way in which the Chinese Communists under Mao Zedong gained the widespread support of the peasantry?
a. By promising the end of the rural way of life
b. By offering protection against Japanese and Nationalist atrocities
c. By seizing land from landlords and distributing it to peasants
d. By teaching literacy to adults and mobilizing women
a
Which of the following best describes the initial policies of the Soviet and Chinese Communist Parties toward women after taking power?
a. They forced women to obey their husbands.
b. They talked about gender equality, but it was only lip service.
c. They achieved far-reaching freedom for women.
d. They paid no attention to women’s issues at all.
c
How did the Bolshevik efforts at land redistribution compare with Chinese Communist efforts at land redistribution?
a. The Bolsheviks found the task much more difficult than the Chinese Communists.
b. Both the Bolsheviks and the Chinese Communists found the task difficult.
c. Both the Bolsheviks and the Chinese Communists found the task quite easy.
d. The Bolsheviks found the task much easier than the Chinese Communists.
d
Why did the Soviet Union so greatly value the Communist regime in Cuba?
a. They were seduced by Cuba’s exotic Latin culture.
b. It provided a tropical vacation spot for Soviet leaders.
c. It was the first country where Communism triumphed without the help of the Soviet Army.
d. It provided a perfect base for the USSR to carry out its plans for an invasion of the United States.
c
What helped sustain the immense military effort involved in the United States’ efforts to contain the spread of communism?
a. Population growth
b. A booming consumer economy
c. Large contributions by allies
d. Widespread opposition to the Soviet Union around the world
b
