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Biology > U6 > Flashcards

U6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gene

A

passed from one generation to the next, determines an individual’s characteristics

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1
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

discovered the basic laws of heredity, “father of genetics”

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2
Q

Alleles

A

different forms of a gene

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3
Q

F1

A

first generation

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4
Q

F2

A

second generation

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5
Q

P

A

parent

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6
Q

genotype

A

genetic makeup (2 alleles for each individual)

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7
Q

phenotype

A

physical trait (appearance)

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8
Q

heterozygous

A

having 2 different alleles of a gene

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9
Q

homozygous

A

having 2 identical alleles of a gene

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10
Q

gamete

A

eggs and sperm cells

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11
Q

dihybrid cross

A

two different traits (ex: shape & color)

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12
Q

incomplete dominance

A

one allele is not completely dominant over the other

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13
Q

codominance

A

both alleles are clearly expressed (ex: black and white feathers)

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14
Q

meiosis

A

type of cell division that produces gametes

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15
Q

diploid

A

contains two sets of chromosomes

16
Q

haploid

A

contains only one set of chromosomes

17
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

2 chromosomes in a pair, one from the mother and one from the father

18
Q

crossing over

A

pairs that exchange genes

19
Q

how many divisions are in meiosis?

A

2

20
Q

mitosis vs meiosis

A

Mitosis results in 2 diploid cells, while meiosis results in 4 haploid cells

21
Q

diploid

A

(2N) containing both sets of homologous chromosomes

22
Q

haploid

A

(1N) containing only a single set of chromosomes (half)

23
Q

independent assortment

A

chromosomes that split into into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique

24
Q

stomatic cell

A

not egg/sperm cells, called germ cells - diploid

25
Q

zygotes

A

a fertilized egg

26
Q

fertilization

A

when a sperm and egg cell combine

27
Q

what is the diploid number for humans?

A

46

28
Q

what is the haploid number for humans?

A

23

29
Q

process in which sperm cells are made

A

spermatogenesis

30
Q

process in which egg cells are made

A

oogenesis

31
Q

what are the key events in meiosis I?

A

separates the pair of homologous chromosomes and reduces the diploid cell to a haploid

32
Q

in what 2 ways does meiosis produce genetic variation?

A

independent assortment and crossing over

33
Q

find another way that sexual reproduction results in genetic variation of offspring

A

random fertilization

34
Q

how many daughter cells are made during meiosis I vs meiosis II?

A

meiosis I: 2
meiosis: 4

35
Q

homozygous

A

having 2 identical alleles of a gene

Biology (3 decks)

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