U6

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

passed from one generation to the next, determines an individual’s characteristics

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

discovered the basic laws of heredity, “father of genetics”

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

different forms of a gene

Question 3

F1

Answer 3

first generation

Question 4

F2

Answer 4

second generation

Question 5

P

Answer 5

parent

Question 6

genotype

Answer 6

genetic makeup (2 alleles for each individual)

Question 7

phenotype

Answer 7

physical trait (appearance)

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

having 2 different alleles of a gene

Question 9

homozygous

Answer 9

having 2 identical alleles of a gene

Question 10

gamete

Answer 10

eggs and sperm cells

Question 11

dihybrid cross

Answer 11

two different traits (ex: shape & color)

Question 12

incomplete dominance

Answer 12

one allele is not completely dominant over the other

Question 13

codominance

Answer 13

both alleles are clearly expressed (ex: black and white feathers)

Question 14

meiosis

Answer 14

type of cell division that produces gametes

Question 15

diploid

Answer 15

contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 16

haploid

Answer 16

contains only one set of chromosomes

Question 17

homologous chromosomes

Answer 17

2 chromosomes in a pair, one from the mother and one from the father

Question 18

crossing over

Answer 18

pairs that exchange genes

Question 19

how many divisions are in meiosis?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 20

Mitosis results in 2 diploid cells, while meiosis results in 4 haploid cells

Question 21

diploid

Answer 21

(2N) containing both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 22

haploid

Answer 22

(1N) containing only a single set of chromosomes (half)

Question 23

independent assortment

Answer 23

chromosomes that split into into daughter cells randomly, making each gamete unique

Question 24

stomatic cell

Answer 24

not egg/sperm cells, called germ cells - diploid

Question 25

zygotes

Answer 25

a fertilized egg

Question 26

fertilization

Answer 26

when a sperm and egg cell combine

Question 27

what is the diploid number for humans?

Answer 27

46

Question 28

what is the haploid number for humans?

Answer 28

23

Question 29

process in which sperm cells are made

Answer 29

spermatogenesis

Question 30

process in which egg cells are made

Answer 30

oogenesis

Question 31

what are the key events in meiosis I?

Answer 31

separates the pair of homologous chromosomes and reduces the diploid cell to a haploid

Question 32

in what 2 ways does meiosis produce genetic variation?

Answer 32

independent assortment and crossing over

Question 33

find another way that sexual reproduction results in genetic variation of offspring

Answer 33

random fertilization

Question 34

how many daughter cells are made during meiosis I vs meiosis II?

Answer 34

meiosis I: 2 meiosis: 4

Question 35

homozygous

Answer 35

having 2 identical alleles of a gene