U5

Question 1

Surface Area

Answer 1

The amount “covering” an object

Question 2

Volume

Answer 2

The amount of space in an object

Question 3

Why do cells divide?

Answer 3

for your body to grow and for body tissue to continuously renew itself

Question 4

Sexual: Pros

Answer 4

Genetic Diversity
Protection against diseases

Question 5

Sexual: Cons

Answer 5

Requires Energy
Requires 2 partners

Question 6

Asexual: Pros

Answer 6

Time Efficient
No need for partner
Less energy

Question 7

Asexual: Cons

Answer 7

No Genetic Diversity
No variation

Question 8

2 types of Cell Division

Answer 8

Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 9

Cell Division

Answer 9

The process of making 2 new body cells
Divides itself in half to keep surface area to volume ratio high

Question 9

Binary Fission

Answer 9

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

also known as cell division, the process of cell duplication in multicellular organisms

Question 11

Gametes

Answer 11

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 12

Meiosis

Answer 12

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 13

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

How many chromosomes are there?

Answer 14

46

Question 15

How many chromatids are there?

Answer 15

92

Question 16

Where is DNA packed into?

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

Stages of Binary Fission

Answer 17

Start with Cell Membrane and DNA
DNA duplicates
Cell Membrane indents
Cells divide, forming 2 new cells

Question 18

Stages of Mitosis

Answer 18

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 19

Interphase

Answer 19

it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

Nucleus condenses
Chromosomes are visible
Spindle starts to form

Question 21

Metaphase

Answer 21

the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell

Question 22

Anaphase

Answer 22

the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

Question 23

Telophase

Answer 23

the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis (division of the cell contents) takes place

Question 24

Cytokinesis

Answer 24

divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells

Question 25

Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

Answer 25

the cell membrane pinches inwards through a process called cleavage, ultimately separating the cell into two daughter cells

Question 26

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

Answer 26

a cell plate forms, leading to the creation of a new cell wall that divides the cell into two

Question 27

M-Phase

Answer 27

includes mitosis and cytokinesis resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Question 28

G1

Answer 28

The cell grows and carries out its functions while evaluating conditions for DNA synthesis

Question 29

S

Answer 29

DNA synthesis occurs, ensuring the replication of genetic material

Question 30

G2

Answer 30

The cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division, checking for DNA replication errors and ensuring readiness for mitosis

Question 31

Apoptosis

Answer 31

a programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells

Question 32

Cancer occurs because of what?

Answer 32

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 33

Chromosome

Answer 33

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

Question 33

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 33

a double layer that encloses the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 34

Chromatid

Answer 34

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 35

Centromere

Answer 35

links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division - the little circle thing

Question 36

Spindle Fiber

Answer 36

form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell

Question 37

Centriole

Answer 37

a cylindrical organelle

Question 38

How do cells divide?

Answer 38

Cells divide through the process of mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 39

Centrosome

Answer 39

the area of the cytoplasm