U5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Surface Area

A

The amount “covering” an object

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2
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space in an object

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3
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

for your body to grow and for body tissue to continuously renew itself

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4
Q

Sexual: Pros

A

Genetic Diversity
Protection against diseases

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5
Q

Sexual: Cons

A

Requires Energy
Requires 2 partners

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6
Q

Asexual: Pros

A

Time Efficient
No need for partner
Less energy

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7
Q

Asexual: Cons

A

No Genetic Diversity
No variation

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8
Q

2 types of Cell Division

A

Mitosis & Meiosis

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9
Q

Cell Division

A

The process of making 2 new body cells
Divides itself in half to keep surface area to volume ratio high

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9
Q

Binary Fission

A

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

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10
Q

Mitosis

A

also known as cell division, the process of cell duplication in multicellular organisms

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11
Q

Gametes

A

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

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12
Q

Meiosis

A

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

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13
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

A

23

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14
Q

How many chromosomes are there?

A

46

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15
Q

How many chromatids are there?

A

92

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16
Q

Where is DNA packed into?

A

Chromosome

17
Q

Stages of Binary Fission

A

Start with Cell Membrane and DNA
DNA duplicates
Cell Membrane indents
Cells divide, forming 2 new cells

18
Q

Stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

19
Q

Interphase

A

it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division

20
Q

Prophase

A

Nucleus condenses
Chromosomes are visible
Spindle starts to form

21
Q

Metaphase

A

the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell

22
Q

Anaphase

A

the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

23
Q

Telophase

A

the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis (division of the cell contents) takes place

24
Q

Cytokinesis

A

divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells

25
Q

Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

A

the cell membrane pinches inwards through a process called cleavage, ultimately separating the cell into two daughter cells

26
Q

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

A

a cell plate forms, leading to the creation of a new cell wall that divides the cell into two

27
Q

M-Phase

A

includes mitosis and cytokinesis resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

28
Q

G1

A

The cell grows and carries out its functions while evaluating conditions for DNA synthesis

29
Q

S

A

DNA synthesis occurs, ensuring the replication of genetic material

30
Q

G2

A

The cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division, checking for DNA replication errors and ensuring readiness for mitosis

31
Q

Apoptosis

A

a programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells

32
Q

Cancer occurs because of what?

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

33
Q

Chromosome

A

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

33
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

34
Q

Chromatid

A

one half of a duplicated chromosome

35
Q

Centromere

A

links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division - the little circle thing

36
Q

Spindle Fiber

A

form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell

37
Q

Centriole

A

a cylindrical organelle

38
Q

How do cells divide?

A

Cells divide through the process of mitosis, followed by cytokinesis, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells

39
Q

Centrosome

A

the area of the cytoplasm