U5 Terms Flashcards
All biological processes involve the movement of ____________ and transformation of ______________
1) Matter
2) Energy
Matter
Refers to atoms and particles from which all things are made
–> The building blocks of any solid, liquid, or gas object
(Matter is an object)
Matter can NEVER…
Be created nor destroyed
But matter can…
Be transferred and moved
–> Atoms in an object can move around to make new object forms and can recombine with other atoms to make completely new objects
Energy
The ability to do work
–> NOT an object, but a PROPERTY that an object may have
Energy can never…
But it can….
be created nor destroyed
But it can be changed or transformed into new types of energy
Kinetic Energy
The energy of movement
(Ex: Thermal Energy)
Potential Energy
Stored Energy
(Ex: Chemical Energy)
Main energy types in biological systems (4):
1) Thermal Energy
2) Mechanical Energy
3) Chemical Energy
4) Light Energy
Matter and energy exist at the same time but DO NOT…
Convert into one another –> They operate differently
Human Fat Production and Loss: Path of Matter
CO2 in the air –> Carbon in food —> Carbon in fat —> Respiration —> CO2 we breathe out
Human Fat Production and Loss: Path of Energy
Energy from the sun –> Energy in food –> Energy in fat –> 3 places
1) Energy in other body molecules
2) Heat energy
3) Energy in CO2
Human Fat Loss: Where does the fat go?
~80% is exhaled as CO2
~20% is secreted through sweat, urine, etc.
Fat molecules can be inputs into…
Cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration: What does it do to the matter and energy in fat?
Matter –> Moves it around, releases CO2 which takes the matter from fat inputs and releases it to the air = weight loss
Energy –> Keeps most of the energy inside the body to be ready to do cellular work (some is released as heat though)
Food
Anything containing large, carbon rich molecules (those with several C-C bonds)
–> Carbon-poor molecules are not food
4 main nutrition types:
1) Photoautotroph
2) Chemoautotroph
3) Chemoheterotroph
4) Photoheterotroph
Photoautotroph: Matter and energy sources
Matter Source = CO2 (Inorganic carbon)
Energy Source = Sun (light energy)
Chemoheterotroph: Matter and energy sources
Matter Source = Organic molecules
Energy Source = Chemical bonds of organic molecules
Food is utilized by bodies for 3 main mechanisms:
1) Cell respiration
2) Storage
3) Tissue building
Cellular Respiration
Matter removal process
–> Food molecules are broken down to release energy which powers metabolism, transport, and movement
Energy Storage
A matter incorporation process
–> Food molecules are converted into storage molecules which can be later inputted into cell respiration to release the stored energy
Examples of Energy Storage Molecules
1) Starch
2) Glycogen
3) Fats
Tissue Building/Growth
Food molecules are converted into molecules required for the growth of new cells
Ex: Cellulose in plants
The relative rates of which processes impact whether an organism gains or loses weight?
1) Mass removal processes (cellular respiration)
2) Mass incorporation processes (growth + storage)
Mass Removal Process
Cellular respiration
Mass incorporation processes
1) Storage
2) Tissue Building/Growth
Poop: What is it and what does it contribute to mass loss?
Poop = the undigestable stuff (mainly made of bacteria)
–> Only accounts for an extremely small portion of mass lost by the body
Ex: 5% of an eaten apple will leave as poop
Photosynthesis Inputs
1) Sunlight
2) Small, low energy, inorganic molecules (CO2)
Photosynthesis Products
1) Large, high energy molecules (food:sugars)
2) Oxygen gas
Once a glucose molecule is produced through photosynthesis it can…
Do ONE of the following processes (one molecule can only do one of these at a time):
1) Storage
2) Tissue Building
3) Cell Respiration
Cellular respiration causes __________ to leave the body but ________ to stay in the body
1) MATTER to leave
2) ENERGY to stay to be available for use by the organism