U2 Questions + Examples Flashcards
You overhear the following conversation between two brothers (full siblings):
Brother 1: “I inherited genes from mom causing me to have blue eyes and you did not.”
Brother 2: “That is not a correct statement”
Which of the following changes would have made Brother 1’s statement more correct?
1) Changing “inherited” to “received”
2) Changing “genes” to “alleles”
3) Changing “genes” to “chromosomes”
4) None of the above
2) Changing “genes” to “alleles”
–> Both brothers inherited the same genes, but they inherited different alleles of the gene
Which of the following is true regarding “disease genes”?
1) Only certain people have “disease genes”
2) “Disease genes” can only be inherited from a parent who is affected by a disease
3) A healthy individual does not carry any “disease genes”
4) Different alleles of “disease genes” can influence a person’s likelihood of being affected by a disease
4) Different alleles of “disease genes” can influence a person’s likelihood of being affected by a disease
When a biologist is talking about the level of gene expression, they are usually talking about:
1) How strongly expressed a phenotype associated with the gene is
2) How strongly reduced a normal trait is because of a mutation in the gene
3) The number of genes that are involved in producing a trait
4) The level of transcription of a gene
5) None of the above
4) The level of transcription of a gene
In the “switches” conceptual model of gene regulation, which things act as switches?
1) Non-coding DNA sequences
2) messenger RNAs
3) Codons
4) Cells
5) Enzymes
1) Non-coding DNA sequences
How are genes and alleles related?
1) A gene codes for alleles
2) Alleles and genes are the same thing
3) Diploid organisms have two genes for each allele
4) A child has the same genes as his/her mother but may have different alleles
4) A child has the same genes as his/her mother but may have different alleles
Chromosomes that are “X-shaped” represent duplicated (replicated) chromosomes
True
mRNA, proteins, and DNA sequences all influence phenotypes
True
Alleles are different versions of a protein
False
Similarity in a phenotype between parent and offspring may not be due to inherited genetic factors
True
How many alleles of each gene (that is not on a sex chromosome) did you inherit from your father?
1) 0
2) 0.5
3) 1
4) 2
5) It depends on the gene
3) 1 allele
Each body cell of a person (any cell that is not a gamete) has the same number of each chromosome
True
The sequence of DNA nucleotides in an organism’s genome is a blueprint for the phenotype of the organism
False
–> Many other factors can also affect phenotype
Different alleles of a gene can be present in the same individual
True
Which of the following is true about how genes influence phenotypes?
1) Genes code for proteins and proteins influence cell functioning
2) The phenotypic variation among humans largely results from their different genes
3) Genes provide a perfect molecular blueprint for an organism’s phenotypes
4) The genotypes of different individuals make different phenotypes
1) Genes code for proteins and proteins influence cell functioning
Every human passes many somatic mutations to their offspring
False
A gene encoding an enzyme is transcribed in flower petal cells but is not transcribed in root cells of the same plant. What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?
1) Flower cells have the gene in their genomes but root cells do not
2) The gene has non-coding sequences that enable it to be transcribed in flower cells but not in root cells
3) Flower cells have proteins that bind to non-coding sequences of the gene and help turn on transcription but root cells do not
4) All of the above are true
5) B and C are true but not A
5) B and C are true but not A