U5 Flashcards
Define the Kinetic Molecular Theory and kinetic energy
The volume of an individual gas molecule is negligible compared to the volume of the container holding the gas.
There are neither attractive nor repulsive forces between gas molecules.
Gas molecules move randomly in all directions, in straight lines.
When gas molecules collide there is no loss of kinetic energy.
The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly related to the temperature. The greater the temperature, the greater the average motion of the molecules and the greater their kinetic energy.
What are the types of motion? What states are they applied to?
Vibrational - All
Rotational - Liquids, Gases, Some Solis
Translation - Liquids, Gases
What is the strength of attraction from solids-liquids-gas? Organization of entities?
Strongest-intermediate-weakest
Highly organized-Intermediate Organization-Lest Organized
Define temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the entities of a substance
Define pressure
The force exerted on an object per unit of surface area
What is 1 atm in mmHg
760 mmHg
How does a barometer measure pressure?
A closed tube is filled with mercury, and then inverted into a pan.
Gravity pulls the mercury downwards, but pressure pushes on the mercury in the pan, keeping it inside the tube
The result is that we can measure the height of the Hg (mm) in the tube as a measure of pressure
What is STP? SATP?
STP – 0 C and 1 atm (101.325 kPa)
SATP – 25 C and 100.0kPa
What is Boyle’s Law? Include equation.
As pressure on a gas increases, the volume of the gas decreases proportionally, if temperature and amount of gas (moles) remain constant
P1V1 = P2V2
What is absolute 0 in Kelvin?
A theoretically impossibly cold temperature. -273.15 C
How to convert from celsius to kelvin
Celsius Temp + 273.15 Deg
What is Charles’ Law? Equation?
As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases proportionally, when pressure and amount of gas (moles) remains constant
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Gay-Lussac Law? Equation?
The pressure of a fixed amount of gas, at a constant volume, is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature
P1/T1 = P2/T2
What is the law of combining volumes? Equation?
When measured at the same temperature and pressure, volumes of gaseous reactants and products of chemical reactions are always in simple ratios of whole numbers
V1/n1 = V2/n2
What is molar volume?
Is the space that is occupied by one mole of the gas
Measured in L/mol
