U2 Flashcards
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter (mass) cannot be created or destroyed
What is a catalyst?
Somethin used in a chemical reaction to make it go faster, not used up. Placed above the arrow.
Generic equation for synthesis and definition
A + B = AB
The reactants may be any combination of elements and compounds, but the product must always be a compound
What do these reactions form (synthesis)
Metal + Nonmetal
Hydrogen + Nonmetal
Nonmetal + Nonmetal
= Ionic compound
= Simple acid
= Molecular compound
What synthesis does this do Metal chloride + oxygen
= metal chlorate
What synthesis do these do
“Metal oxide + carbon dioxide
“Non-metal oxide + water
“Metal oxide + water
= metal carbonate
= oxy acid
= metal hydroxide
What happens when carbonic acid is created in a chemical reactnion?
Carbonic acid immediately dissociates, forming H+ ions
H2CO3(aq) = H+(aq) + HCO3- (aq )
What happens to nitrogen dioxide in water?
Nitrogen dioxide is toxic and combines with water droplets in air to form nitric acid and nitrous acid
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) = HNO3(aq ) + HNO2(aq)
Generic equation for decomposition
AB = A + B
Types of decomposition reactions, what do they form?
Binary compound
Metal oxide
Metal nitrate
Metal carbonate
Metal hydroxide
Metal chlorate
Oxyacid
1.decomposes into its elements
- decomposing into a metal and oxygen
- decomposes into a metal nitrite and oxygen gas
- decomposes into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide
- decomposes into a metal oxide and water
- decomposes into a metal chloride and oxygen
8.decomposes into water and a non-metal oxide
How do simple salts break down?
Into their elements
What catalyst is needed in the breaking down of a metal oxide?
heat (triangle)
Generic Equation for single displaacement and definition
AB + C = AC + B
A reaction where an element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and an element
What do these single displacement reactions produce
Metal element + compound
Metal + acid
Metal + water “
Halogen + ionic compound “
= new ionic compound + element
= new compound + hydrogen
= hydroxide + hydrogen
= new ionic compound + halogen
What should hydrogen be treated as in SD and DD reactions
A group 1 metal
What dictates if a reaction will occur in a SD reaction
The single element (if metal) must be higher on the reactivity series for it to occur. Halogens follow the same rule
Generic doublke displacement equation and definition
AD + BC = AC + BD
occur when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.
A double displacement reaction will not occur if…
Both products are aqueous
A double displacement reaction will occur if…
A solid, liquid or gas is formed
How to do net ionic equation?
Seperate cations and anions in the reactants, the products should only be seperated if they are aqueous (spectator).
Cross out all seperated cations and anions that are the same on either side (spectator)
The net ionic equation should not have any aqueous substances. Keep ions seperated.
Which double displacement reactions produces a gas? How?
Acid + sulfide
Dihydrogen sulfide is a gas
Acid + carbonate
Acid + sulfite
All these reactions produce a weak oxyacid which will dissasociate in water, creating water and a gas
Hydride + water
Creates hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide
Ammonium compound + Hydroxide
Will form ammonia (gas) and water because NH4OH dissociates
Products and reactants of neutralization?
Acid + Hydroxide (Base) = Salt + Water
Carbonate + acid =?
= H2O + CO2 + Ionic Compound
3 types of combustion (+ 2 subsections)
metal combustion
nonmetal combustion
Hydrocarbon combustion (incomplete and complete)
What can nonmetal and metal combustion be classified as
Synthesis
Products of complete hydrocarbon combustion
Carbon dioxide + water
Products of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. When does it occur?
Carbon dioxide + water + Carbon monoxide and/or Carbon
Occurs when not all carbon fully reacts with the oxyegn
What is a catalytic converter?
A catalytic converter converts harmful pollutants into less harmful emissions before they ever leave the car’s exhaust system.
What kind of cataysts are platinum and rhodium? What do they do?
Reduction catalyst
Rips apart nitrogen oxides forming nitrogen and oxygen gas
What kind of catalysts are platinum and palladium? What do they do?
Oxidation catalyst
Burns unburnt CO and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas to produce CO2 and water
