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Chem11 > U2 > Flashcards

U2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Matter (mass) cannot be created or destroyed

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2
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Somethin used in a chemical reaction to make it go faster, not used up. Placed above the arrow.

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3
Q

Generic equation for synthesis and definition

A

A + B = AB
The reactants may be any combination of elements and compounds, but the product must always be a compound

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4
Q

What do these reactions form (synthesis)
Metal + Nonmetal
Hydrogen + Nonmetal
Nonmetal + Nonmetal

A

= Ionic compound
= Simple acid
= Molecular compound

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5
Q

What synthesis does this do Metal chloride + oxygen

A

= metal chlorate

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6
Q

What synthesis do these do
“Metal oxide + carbon dioxide
“Non-metal oxide + water
“Metal oxide + water

A

= metal carbonate
= oxy acid
= metal hydroxide

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7
Q

What happens when carbonic acid is created in a chemical reactnion?

A

Carbonic acid immediately dissociates, forming H+ ions
H2CO3(aq) = H+(aq) + HCO3- (aq )

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8
Q

What happens to nitrogen dioxide in water?

A

Nitrogen dioxide is toxic and combines with water droplets in air to form nitric acid and nitrous acid
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) = HNO3(aq ) + HNO2(aq)

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9
Q

Generic equation for decomposition

A

AB = A + B

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10
Q

Types of decomposition reactions, what do they form?
Binary compound
Metal oxide
Metal nitrate
Metal carbonate
Metal hydroxide
Metal chlorate
Oxyacid

A

1.decomposes into its elements

  1. decomposing into a metal and oxygen
  2. decomposes into a metal nitrite and oxygen gas
  3. decomposes into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide
  4. decomposes into a metal oxide and water
  5. decomposes into a metal chloride and oxygen

8.decomposes into water and a non-metal oxide

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11
Q

How do simple salts break down?

A

Into their elements

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12
Q

What catalyst is needed in the breaking down of a metal oxide?

A

heat (triangle)

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13
Q

Generic Equation for single displaacement and definition

A

AB + C = AC + B
A reaction where an element displaces another element in a compound, producing a new compound and an element

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14
Q

What do these single displacement reactions produce
Metal element + compound
Metal + acid
Metal + water “
Halogen + ionic compound “

A

= new ionic compound + element
= new compound + hydrogen
= hydroxide + hydrogen
= new ionic compound + halogen

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15
Q

What should hydrogen be treated as in SD and DD reactions

A

A group 1 metal

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16
Q

What dictates if a reaction will occur in a SD reaction

A

The single element (if metal) must be higher on the reactivity series for it to occur. Halogens follow the same rule

17
Q

Generic doublke displacement equation and definition

A

AD + BC = AC + BD
occur when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

18
Q

A double displacement reaction will not occur if…

A

Both products are aqueous

19
Q

A double displacement reaction will occur if…

A

A solid, liquid or gas is formed

20
Q

How to do net ionic equation?

A

Seperate cations and anions in the reactants, the products should only be seperated if they are aqueous (spectator).

Cross out all seperated cations and anions that are the same on either side (spectator)

The net ionic equation should not have any aqueous substances. Keep ions seperated.

21
Q

Which double displacement reactions produces a gas? How?

A

Acid + sulfide
Dihydrogen sulfide is a gas
Acid + carbonate
Acid + sulfite
All these reactions produce a weak oxyacid which will dissasociate in water, creating water and a gas
Hydride + water
Creates hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide
Ammonium compound + Hydroxide
Will form ammonia (gas) and water because NH4OH dissociates

22
Q

Products and reactants of neutralization?

A

Acid + Hydroxide (Base) = Salt + Water

23
Q

Carbonate + acid =?

A

= H2O + CO2 + Ionic Compound

24
Q

3 types of combustion (+ 2 subsections)

A

metal combustion
nonmetal combustion
Hydrocarbon combustion (incomplete and complete)

25
Q

What can nonmetal and metal combustion be classified as

A

Synthesis

26
Q

Products of complete hydrocarbon combustion

A

Carbon dioxide + water

27
Q

Products of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. When does it occur?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + Carbon monoxide and/or Carbon
Occurs when not all carbon fully reacts with the oxyegn

28
Q

What is a catalytic converter?

A

A catalytic converter converts harmful pollutants into less harmful emissions before they ever leave the car’s exhaust system.

29
Q

What kind of cataysts are platinum and rhodium? What do they do?

A

Reduction catalyst
Rips apart nitrogen oxides forming nitrogen and oxygen gas

30
Q

What kind of catalysts are platinum and palladium? What do they do?

A

Oxidation catalyst
Burns unburnt CO and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas to produce CO2 and water

Chem11 (6 decks)

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