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Question 1

What was john daltons atomic theory

Answer 1

 All matter is made up of tiny particles called
atoms. An atom cannot be created, destroyed
or divided into smaller particles
 The atoms of one element cannot be converted
into the atoms of any other element
 All the atoms of one element have the same
properties, such as mass and size. These
properties are different from the properties of
the atoms of any other element
 Atoms of different elements combine in specific
proportions to form compounds

Question 2

What did JJ Thomson contribute to atomic theory

Answer 2

Thomson studied the
passage of an electric
current through a gas.
As the current passed through the gas,
it gave off rays of negatively charged
particles.

Question 3

Describe the thomson model

Answer 3

Positively charged matter with electrons throughout it

Question 4

What did eugen goldstein contribute to atomic theory

Answer 4

Discovered the proton using cathode rays colliding with neutral gas

Question 5

what did hantaro nagakoa contribute to the atomic theory

Answer 5

The saturnian system (positively charged matter, surrounded by electrons)

Question 6

What did Ernst Rutherford contribute to atomic theory? using what experiemnt?

Answer 6

He discovered the nucleus using the gold foil experiment

Question 7

What did james chadwick contribute to atomic theory

Answer 7

He discovered neutrons by hitting Be with alpha particles. The beam wasnt affected by magnets.

Question 8

What did Niels Bohr contribute to atomic theory

Answer 8

 Electrons exist in circular orbits (planetary orbits) with
electrostatic force from the nucleus holding them in
place
 Electrons can exist in only a series of allowed orbits
(energy levels). Therefore the energy of electrons are
quantized
 While an electron is in one orbit it does not radiate
energy
 Electrons can “jump” between energy levels by
absorbing and emitting photons (packets of energy)
carrying an amount of energy that equals the
difference in the energy levels of electrons

Question 9

According to the Bohr model, what are the two ways an atom can be excited?

Answer 9

1. Atom can collide with a
   highly energetic particle (e.g.
   electron) in an electric current
   passing through a gas
2. Atom can absorb a photon
   that has an amount of energy
   equal to the difference
   between the energy of the
   orbit it occupies and the
   energy of a higher orbit

Question 10

What are line spectra

Answer 10

A line spectra is a series of coloured lines with dark space in between (or vice versa)

Question 11

How are line spectra formed (emission)

Answer 11

A gas discharge tube containing an element goes through two small slits and into a prism. This will split the light and display which colours are emitted by the gas.

Question 12

Charge, symbol, location and relative mass of each subatomic particle

Answer 12

neutron - 0 - n0 - nucleus - 1
proton - +1 - p+ - nucleus - 1
electron - -1 - e- - orbit - 1/2000

Question 13

How to write standard atomic notation

Answer 13

Large element symbol, to the left of it make the top number the mass# and the bottom the atomic#

Question 14

What happens to wavelength when energy increases

Answer 14

wavelength gets shorter

Question 15

What are the colours of light from least to most energy

Answer 15

reds
oranges
yellows
greens
blues
violets

Question 16

How does electron movement in an atom effect colour of light

Answer 16

The longer distance the electron moves, the more energy is produced. A far movement would create violet light, a short one would create red light.

Question 17

What is required for an atom to be stable

Answer 17

full valence shell (stable octet)

Question 18

What is isoelectronic

Answer 18

two atoms or ions that have the same electronic structure and same number of valence electrons.

Question 19

What is an isotope

Answer 19

A variation in mass of an atom of an element due to a difference in neutron count

Question 20

what is isotopic abundance

Answer 20

the % or decimal amount of quantity an isotope has compared to other isotopes

Question 21

what is average atomic mass (AAM)

Answer 21

Average atomic mass is the average mass of an atom based off how abundant its isotopes are

Question 22

Formula for Average atomic mass (AAM)

Answer 22

AAM = %ab1 x mass1 + %ab2 x mass2…

Question 23

IGNORE THIS CARD

what is a radioisotope

Answer 23

radioactive isotope

Question 24

How is radiation produced, what is radiation?

Answer 24

Radiation is produced from decaying atoms. radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles.

Question 25

what are the 3 types of radiation, their symbols, and penetrating power

Answer 25

alpha particles - fancy curved a - wont penetrate skin
beta particles - funny long stick B - will penetrate skin and some tissues
gamma rays - LONG Y - will deeply penetrate tissue

Question 26

what is a group, period and family

Answer 26

group - vertical column
period - horizontal row
family - ways to divide certain elements in the periodic table (alkali metals, halogens, etc.)

Question 27

properties of metals

Answer 27

malleable, ductile, good conductors, lustrous, solids at room temp (except mercury), typically tough

Question 28

properties of non metals

Answer 28

non malleable, not ductile, poor conductors, not lustrous, brittle or soft, can be any state at room temp,

Question 29

properties of metalloids

Answer 29

lustrous, brittle, mid conductors, some are malleable, some are ductile

Question 30

what did johann dobereiner contribute to the periodic table

Answer 30

law of triads - groups of three elements with similar properties. Put three elements in order of atomic weight

Question 31

what did john a. newlands contribute to the periodic table

Answer 31

Arranged all known elements in order of atomic mass. Observed every 8th element had similar properties (law of octaves). began to use families.

Question 32

what did dimitri medeleev controbute to the periodic table

Answer 32

Organized elements by atomic masses that were arranged “periodically” with elements of similar properties under each other

Question 33

what is effective nuclear charge, what is its short form, how does it affect periodic trends

Answer 33

Effective nuclear charge is how much pull the protons in the nucleus have on the electrons (net force), shortened to Zeff. Zeff increases from left to right on the table, making the atomic radius smaller.

Question 34

what are the trends in atomic radius

Answer 34

from left to right atomic radius decreases, from up to down it increases

Question 35

what happens to atomic radius to a metal and non metal when an ion is formed

Answer 35

A metal’s radius decreases, a non metals radius increases

Question 36

what are the trends in ionization energy

Answer 36

Ionization energy increases from left to right, decreases top to bottom

Question 37

what is the chemical equation for ionization energy, use sodium as an example

Answer 37

Na (g) + energy -> Na+ + e-

Question 38

what is atomic radius

Answer 38

Atomic radius is generally stated as being the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron.

Question 39

what is ionization energy

Answer 39

Ionization energy, in chemistry and physics, the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.

Question 40

what is electron affinity

Answer 40

The energy change that occurs when an electron is addedto a neutral, gaseous atom to form an anion

Question 41

what are the trends in electron affinity

Answer 41

increases left to right, decreases top to bottom (same as ionization)

Question 42

what is the chemical equation for electron affinity, use flourine as an example

Answer 42

F(g) + e- -> F-(g) ∆energy

Question 43

what is electronegativity

Answer 43

The ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons towards itself in a bond

Question 44

what is the trend in electronegativity

Answer 44

increases left to right, decreases top to bottom (same as ionization)