U4P2

Question 1

what are darwin’s finches an example of?

Answer 1

divergent evolution

Question 2

coevolution

Answer 2

evolution of two or more individuals due to each other’s influence

Question 3

purpose of hardy weinberg equation

Answer 3

calculate allele frequencies to determine whether evolution has occurred

Question 4

small population

Answer 4

most susceptible to loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic drift

Question 5

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 5

pattern of evolution that occurs with periods of rapid change followed by longer periods with little or no change

Question 6

sympatric speciation

Answer 6

one location, no physical barrier

Question 7

allopatric speciation

Answer 7

two locations, due to geographical isolation

Question 8

what type of speciation occurs when new species arise as a result of a mountain range dividing a population

Answer 8

allopatric

Question 9

compare and contrast prezygotic isolation and postzygotic isolation

Answer 9

prezygotic- before zygote forms

postzygotic-after zygote forms; mechanical, behavioral, temporal

Question 10

if one fish population is separated by a dam, the two populations may evolve into different species due to which type of isolation

Answer 10

geographic

Question 11

bird species a and bird species b live in the same tree, but do not mate because they do not recognize each other’s mating calls. what type of isolation?

Answer 11

behavioral

Question 12

disruptive natural selection

Answer 12

may eliminate average phenotype

Question 13

certain population of cacti range i the number of needles the smallest number is 5 needles per cm squared and the high end is 15 per cm squared. due to animals eating the cacti with a lower number needles the population now ranges, from 10 per cm squared needles to 15 per cm squared needles.

Answer 13

directional

Question 14

praying mantis living deep in a rain forest looks almost exactly like a leaf of the tree it lives in. this is an example of what type of predation selection

Answer 14

camoflauge

Question 15

temporal isolation

Answer 15

speciation can occur if two groups mate at different times of the year

Question 16

dutch elm disease is a fungal infection of elm trees that usually results in death. the disease has killed millions of north american elm trees that were not resistant to the fungus. scientists have bred resistant elms by crossing north american species with asian species that show resistance. how does natural selection promote resistant elm populations once the resistance genes from the asian species were successfully introduced?

Answer 16

resistant reproducing viable offspring, population adapting

Question 17

starting in 1954, commercial fishers in the northwest pacific were paid by weight, rather than by the individual fish, for pink salmon. the fishers increased the use of a type of net that selectively catches larger fish. how would you expect the body size to change over the next 20 years?

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

the coral snake is highly venomous snake, if bitten a human could die within a couple of hours without treatment. the kind snake isn’t venomous at all but has coloration very similar to the coral. which type of selection does this example exhibit?

Answer 18

mimicry (predation selection)

Question 19

elk antlers are used to battle other males for territory and mating rights for females. which type of selection does this example exhibit

Answer 19

sexual

Question 20

whales have to surface to breathe. the danger with surfacing is that they become vulnerable to whale hunters. also this takes away time from trying to eat. whales that can have higher oxygen efficiency are able to hold longer and stay in deeper waters longer to avoid whalers and eat more. which type of selection does this example exhibit

Answer 20

physiological

Question 21

in a population of 25 trees there are two alleles for height- tall (T) and short (t) and the allele frequency is 50:50. a wild fire wipes out most of the population and only two trees survive. the two survivors are homologous dominant changing the allele frequency to 100:0 for the tall allele. which term best explains this scenaario

Answer 21

bottleneck effect/genetic drift

Question 22

structural adaptation

Answer 22

body parts that increase chances of survival ex. ears better for hearing

Question 23

behavioral adaptation

Answer 23

things organisms do to survive ex. run from humans

Question 24

physiological adaptation

Answer 24

internal responses to stimuli ex. secrete poison

Question 25

when does extinction occur

Answer 25

when environment changes too quickly for species to adapt