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BIOL 1103 > U4M1 pt1 > Flashcards

U4M1 pt1 Flashcards

Cell Cycle Regulation

1
Q

Why do cells divide

A

Reproduce the organism
- prokaryotes and single cell eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells also divide to
- replace dead cells
- allow the organism to grow

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3
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4
Q

What phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle

A
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5
Q

what is the definition of the cell cycle

A

a period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis

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5
Q

what is cytokinesis

A
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5
Q

what is mitosis

A

the division of replicated DNA equally and precisely

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5
Q

what type of of cell division results in daughter cells that are exact genetic copies

A

mitosis

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6
Q

what phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur

A

S phase

in interphase

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7
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8
Q

when are the centrosomes pulled apart in mitosis

A

during prophase

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8
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9
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9
Q

What propels the centrosomes apart from one another during prophase

A
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10
Q

How do the kinetochores of sister chromatids end up facing in opposite directions

A
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10
Q

What role do non-kinetochore microtubules play during mitosis

A
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11
Q

During prometaphase, the sister chromatids jerk back and forth. What causes this back and forth motion

A
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12
Q

How does the size of the daughter cells immediately after cytokinesis compare to the size of the parent cell at the end of G2

A
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12
Q

Cytokinesis divides the original cell into two daughter cells. How do these daughter cells compare genetically

A
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13
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19
Q

what phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time

A

virtually all their time spent Interphase

G1 of interphase

19
Q

what is interphase

A
19
Q

When does interphase begin

A

as daughter cell from previous division cycle enters initial period of cytoplasmic growth

20
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24
Q

what are the internal checkpoints of the cell cycle and what do they do

A
24
Q

What do cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases control

A

the internal molecular controls that directly regulate cell division

25
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26
Q

what is the concentration of cyclins like in the cell

A

it flucuates cyclically, activating the CDKs appropriately, tells the CDKs what point in the cell cycle the cell is at

26
Q

what do cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases do

A

activate/inactivate a large number of proteins associated with cell cycle events

27
Q

when is cyclin degraded in the cell cycle

A

the end of mitosis

28
Q

what is the concentratin of CDKs like in the cell

A

maintained at a constant level throughout the cell cycle

29
Q
A
29
Q

how much cyclin is in the cell during mitosis

A

lots, the most it can get

29
Q

when is cyclin at its highest concentration in the cell

A

the middle of mitosis

29
Q
A
30
Q

when is cyclin at its lowest concentration in the cell

A

interphase

30
Q

how much cyclin is in the cell during interphase

A

barely any, almost none

31
Q

at the G1 checkpoint, what happens if it gets the go ahead

A

the cell cycle will continue and go on the complete division

31
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32
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32
Q

continue on slide 16

A
33
Q

what factors decide whether the cell cycle will continue after the G1 checkpoint

A
  • size
  • availability of nutriets
  • DNA damage (specifically p53 gene)
33
Q

at the G1 checkpoint, what happens if it does not get the go ahead

A

it will likely go into G0, a nondividing state

33
Q
A
34
Q

what’s the deal with the p53 gene

A

BIOL 1103 (12 decks)

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