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BIOL 1103 > U1M1 p1 slides > Flashcards

U1M1 p1 slides Flashcards

What is Life?

1
Q

how long ago was the earth formed

A

4.6b years ago

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2
Q

Cooling of the universe resulted in …

A

conversion of energy into subatomic particles

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3
Q

conversion of energy into subatomic particles resulted from

A

cooling of the universe

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4
Q

cooling of the universe resulted in conversion of energy into subatomic particles. what happened next?

A
  • subatomic particles combined to form atoms
  • elements react, fuse, collide to form large masses
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5
Q

what are the subatomic particles which form an atom

A
  • -
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6
Q

what was the first element?

A

hydrogen

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7
Q

a few elements make up about 96% of the weight of most living organisms. What are they?

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
  • nitrogen
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8
Q

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up about how much of the weight of most living organisms?

A

96%

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9
Q

How much human body weight is composed of oxygen? (including water)

A

65%

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10
Q

how much human body weight is composed of carbon?

A

18.5%

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11
Q

how much of human body weight is composed of hydrogen? (including water)

A

9.5%

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12
Q

how much of human body weight is composed of nitrogen?

A

3.3%

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13
Q

All forms of life share common properties. What are they? (In this class)

A
  • Order
  • Reproduction
  • Growth and Development
  • Energy processing
  • Response to the environment
  • Regulation
  • Evolutionary adaptation
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14
Q

Is a virus alive?

A

It is currently up to debate in the science community. There are arguments for both sides.

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15
Q

Make a case for a virus not being alive.

A
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15
Q

What is cell theory?

A

the theory that cells are the structural and functional units of life.

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16
Q

Make a case for a virus being alive.

A
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17
Q

What are the levels of biological organization in order? (largest to smallest)

A
  1. the biosphere
  2. ecosystems
  3. communities
  4. populations
  5. organisms
  6. organs and organ systems
  7. tissues
  8. cells
  9. organelles
  10. molecules
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17
Q

Who conducted the experiment in 1859 with the broth and flasks.

A

Louis Pasteur

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18
Q

what does cell theory say about the levels of biological organization?

A

Life begins with cells. Below cells are organelles, an organelle cannot be alive, therefore the cell is the smallest unit of life.

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18
Q

What did Louis Pasteur;s experiement with broth and flasks prove?

A

Cell arise only from growth & division of pre-existing cells.

18
Q

When did Louis Pasteur conduct his experiment with broth and flasks?

A

1859

19
Q

Explain Louis Pasteur’s experiment with broth and flasks.

A
  • broth was boiled in various flasks for one hour to sterilize it and allow to cool, drawing in fresh air.
  • one open flask allowed air and any bacteria present in the air to enter. The broth was contaminated with bacteria.
  • another flask had a cotton plug which filtered bacteria from the air entering the flask. this broth remained sterile.
  • finally a flask with a long neck had the bacteria removed from the air entering the flask by settling at the bottom of the curve. Again the broth remained sterile.
20
Q

Before the theory that cells came from other cells, what was the belief?

A

Cells appeared spontaneously. Life could form from chemical reactions in the air.

20
Q

All organisms/life forms are composed of one or more ______.

A

cells

21
Q

The ________ is the smallest unit that has properties of life

A

cell

22
Q

What is the technical definition of a cell?

A

Self-replicating chemical systems that commmunicate with each other and the environment

22
Q

What are the two key features of life on earth?

A

unity and diversity

23
Q

what is the unity of life?

“Two key features of life on Earth - Unity & Diversity”

A

all life is based on DNA and the common genetic code.

24
Q

What is the unit which makes of genetic information?

A

DNA

25
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

26
Q

what controls the activities of a cell?

A

the genes

27
Q

How are genes grouped?

A

very long DNA molecules called chromosomes

27
Q

What is a gene?

A
  • the unit of inheritance that transmits information from parent to offspring
  • grouped into very long DNA molecules called chromosomes
  • control the activities of the cell
27
Q

what is the unit of inheritance that transmits information from parents to offspring

A

genes

28
Q

what is the shape of DNA

A

a double helix

28
Q

What are the estimates of the actual number of species in the world?

A

10 to 100 million

28
Q

The diversity of life arises from …

A

differences in DNA sequences

28
Q

How many species have been identified?

A

~ 1.8 million

28
Q

_________ accounts for life’s dual nature of kinship and diversity.

A

Evolution

29
Q

__________ is the central organizing principle of biology.

A

Evolution

29
Q

What is the unifying theory of biology?

A

Evolution

29
Q

How was natural selection inferred?

A

By connecting two observations.

  • Individuals in a populationn vary in their traits, many of which are passed on from parents to offspring.
  • A population can produce far more offspring than the environment can support
29
Q

What is the mechanism for evolution?

A

Natural selection

29
Q

________ explains the unity and diversity of life.

A

Evolution

29
Q

What was The Origin of Species about?

A

Evolution

29
Q

What is natural selection?

A
29
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable statement used to build more complex inferences and explanations

29
Q

Who wrote The Origin of Species

A

Charles Darwin

29
Q

What is a scientific theory?

A
  • well substantiated explanation (supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence)
  • incorporates facts, laws, and tested hypotheses
  • end point of science developed from extensive observation and experimentation

BIOL 1103 (12 decks)

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