U4AOS1 - Structure and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Question 1

Bond Strength

Answer 1

How strongly bonds hold atoms together

Question 2

Bond Length (+ its effect on bond strength)

Answer 2

Distance between the nuclei of two bonding atoms

Stronger BS -> Shorter Bond, Longer Bond -> Weaker BS

Question 3

Effect of Atoms on Bond Strength

Answer 3

Stronger BS -> Smaller Atoms, Larger Atoms -> Weaker BS

Question 4

Effect of Electronegativity on a Carbon Atom

Answer 4

The more electronegative an atom is, the stronger its bond will be

Question 5

What are Structural Isomers

Answer 5

Isomers that have the same molecular formula, but differ in their arrangement of atoms

Positional Isomers - changing the position of a substituent/functional group
Chain Isomers - arranging available atoms into a branch/side chain
Functional Isomers - Changing the identity of the functional group

Question 6

What are Stereoisomers

Answer 6

Isomers that are bonded in the same order, but arranged differently in three-dimensional spaces

Geometric Isomers - restriction in C=C bondds
Enantiomers (Optical) Isomers - moelcules whos mirror images are not superimposable

Question 7

Geometric Isomers

Answer 7

Isomers that occur as a result of a restriction of the ability Carbon-Carbon bonds to be rotated

Question 8

Geometric Isomers - Cis

Answer 8

Cis isomers have the functional groups bonded on the same horizontal side

(e.g. Cis-but-2-ene)

Question 9

Geometric Isomers - Trans

Answer 9

Trans Isomers have the functional groups bonded on different horizontal sides

(e.g. trans-but-2-ene)

Question 10

Geometric Isomers - Neither Cis or Trans

Answer 10

Occurs when the substituents are attached to the same carbon

Question 11

Enantiomers (Optical Isomers) (+chiral and achiral)

Answer 11

Molecules whos structures and mirror images are not superimposable

Chiral - molecules that cannot align with their mirror image (these are optical isomers)

Achiral - molecules that can align with their mirror image (these are not optical isomers)

Question 12

Properties of Enatiomers

Answer 12

They have the same chemical and physical properties, such as melting points and boiling points (except when interacting with light)

Question 13

What is a Chiral Centre

Answer 13

Carbon attached to four different groups

Question 14

No chiral centres -Chiral or Achiral?

Answer 14

Achiral

Question 15

Single chiral centre - Chiral or Achiral?

Answer 15

Chiral

Question 16

Multiple Chiral Centres, no plane of symmetry - Chiral or Achiral?

Answer 16

Chiral

Question 17

Multiple Chiral Centres, but a plane of symmetry, Chiral or Achiral?

Answer 17

Achiral

Question 18

Maximum Number of Optical Isomers

Answer 18

2^n, where n is the number of chiral centres

Question 19

Effect of Enantiomers on Drug Design

Answer 19

Drug molecules can only bind to the drug binding site when their structures match

Enantiomers can cause drug molecules to not be able to interact with the binding site, or cause unintended side effects

Question 20

Answer 20

Hydroxyl Group

Question 21

Answer 21

Amine

Question 22

Answer 22

Primary Amide

Question 23

Answer 23

Aldehyde

Question 24

Answer 24

Ketone

Question 25

Answer 25

Carboxylic Acid

Question 26

(Just the C=O portion)

Answer 26

Carbonyl Group

Question 27

Answer 27

Ester

Question 28

Answer 28

Ether

Question 29

Priority of Hydrocarbon Suffixes

Answer 29

Carboxyl Group
(Hydroxyl) Alcohol
Amine
Alkene, yne
Halogens

Question 30

Number of Carbons Naming

Answer 30

Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct