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Chemistry Unit 3/4 > Key Science Skills > Flashcards

Key Science Skills Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

What you expect as the chemist to happen

Educated guess

should include the relationship between the dependent and independent variables

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2
Q

Aim

A

What the purpose of the experiment is

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3
Q

Independent Variable

A

Variable that is selected/changed by the experimenter - has a direct impact on the measured variable

Horizontal Axis

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4
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variable that is measured by the experimenter - assumed to have changed as a result of the independent variable

Vertical Axis

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5
Q

Control Variable

A

Variable that is kept constant to allow for the testing of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables

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6
Q

What is the Method

A

Demonstrates how the experiment will be conducted

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7
Q

4x Ethical Considerations

A

Sourcing of Materials,
Type of Research being collected,
Falsification of data,
Acknowledgement of prior work

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8
Q

4x Risk Assessments

A

Potential hazards (i.e. H2 is highly explosive)
PPE (labcoats, googles, gloves)
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

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9
Q

Ways to present Results

A

Table or Graph (Labelled)

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10
Q

Key elements to include in the results

A

Discussion of Trends,
Connection between the trends and the theory,
what concepts can be used to explain the trend

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11
Q

Purpose & key elements of the discussion

A

Purpose: to extract and analyse data to find meaning

Key elements:
- whether the data supports or refutes the hypothesis
- the comparison of the actual results to the expected results
- analysis of the experimental design (+errors)

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12
Q

Validity

A

Does the experiment test the hypothesis

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13
Q

Accuracy

A

How close are the measured values to the true or accepted value

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14
Q

Precision

A

How close are the measured values to EACH OTHer

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15
Q

Reproducibility

A

Closeness of the values measured from repeated experiments (under different conditions)

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16
Q

Reliability

A

The consistency of the collection of measurements

17
Q

Repeatability

A

Closeness of the values measured from repeated experiments (under identical conditions)

18
Q

Random Errors

A

Errors that follow no regular pattern - can cause a high variation in results

Caused by effects of changes in the surroundings (e.g. temperature fluctuations, air currents, readability of measuring device)

Can be addressed by repeating readings

19
Q

Systematic Errors

A

Errors that result in values that are reproducible and different from the true values by a fixed amount in the same direction

Caused by poor experimental design and poorly calibrated equipment

Chemistry Unit 3/4 (16 decks)

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