Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology-Lab > U4.1a - Protozoans (Amoeba) > Flashcards

U4.1a - Protozoans (Amoeba) Flashcards

1
Q

Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica have these characteristics.

A. small, delicate nuclear karyosomal chromatin
B. fine, even peripheral chromatin
C. Progressive motility with hyaline, finger-like pseudopods
D. All of these

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fresh specimens are mandatory for the recovery of

A. cysts and trophozoites
B. motile trophozoites

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is not useful for direct fecal smear analysis?

A. NSS
B. Gram’s iodine
C. Lugol’s iodine
D. Nair’s Buffered Methylene Blue

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Order of stain for DFS

A

1st: NSS
2nd: Lugol’s iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

alternative stain to Lugol’s iodine for trophozoite morphology without killing it

A

Nair’s Buffered Methylene Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protozoans were under what kingdom before?

A

kingdom animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 Phylums under kingdom protozoa

A
  1. Phylum Amoebazoa
  2. Phylum Metamonada
  3. C. Phylum Euglenozoa
  4. Phylum Ciliophora
  5. Phylum Apicomplexa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classes/ Orders/ Species under Phylum Amoebazoa

A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. E. coli
  3. E. hartmanni
  4. Iodamoeba bütschlii
  5. Endolimax nana
  6. Naegleria fowleri
  7. Acanthamoeba spp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classes/ Orders/ Species under Phylum Metamonada

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Dientamoeba fragilis
  3. Chilomastix mesnili
  4. Trichomonas vaginalis
  5. T. tenax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classes/ Orders/ Species under Phylum Euglenozoa

A
  1. Leishmania spp.
  2. Trypanosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classes/ Orders/ Species under Phylum Ciliophora

A
  1. Balantidium coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classes/ Orders/ Species under Phylum Apicomplexa

A
  1. Babesia spp.
  2. Plasmodium spp.
  3. Toxoplasma gondii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amoebae’s General Characteristic:
Characterized by the presence of hyaline foot-like extrusions from the ectoplasm

A

Pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structure in the amoeba that contains DNA

A

peripheral chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Structure in the amoeba that contains chromatin

A

nuclear karyosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

other term for karyosome

A

endosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

two parts of cytoplasm

A

endoplasm (inside)
ectoplasm (outside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cytoplasm that contains organelles, nutrients (glycogen), and functions for metabolic processes

A

endoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cytoplasm that functions for motility

A

ectoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Amoebae’s General Characteristic:
All amoebae are intestine dwellers except?

A

Entamoeba gingivalis (mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Amoebae’s General Characteristic:
All amoebae are commensals except?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Amoebae’s General Characteristic:
Cyst is the infective stage in amoebae except?

A

Entamoeba gingivalis;
infective stage: trophozoite
no cyst stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Amoebae’s General Characteristic:
now: Phylum Amoebazoa
before: Phylum ____________

A

Sarcomastigophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 stages in the life cycle

A
  1. trophozoite
  2. pre-cystic stage
  3. cyst
  4. metacystic stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the processes of pre-cystic and metacystic stages

A

quick
not very observable under the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

life cycle stage:
feeding form

A

trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

life cycle stage:
labile

A

trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

life cycle stage:
motile or active

A

trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

life cycle stage:
recovered only in fresh stool samples

A

trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

life cycle stage:
uninucleated

A

trophozoite
pre-cystic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

life cycle stage:
starts to become a cyst (encystation)

A

pre-cystic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

life cycle stage:
non-feeding form

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

life cycle stage:
resistant to environment

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

life cycle stage:
nonmotile or inactive

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

process when trophozoite transforms into a cyst

A

Encystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

process when a cyst transforms into a trophozoite

A

Excystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

structure that extends cytoplasm

A

pseudopodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

function of glycogen bodies in Entamoeba histolytica cysts

A

nutrient source/ food reserve
for multiplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
MOT

A

ingestion of cyst from contaminated food or water, bad hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
habitat

A

digestive tract (large intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

In some cases, very pathogenic and invasive types of amoeba can cause?

A

intestinal amebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Intestinal amebiasis can harbor to nearby organs such as?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

specimen that can also be collected for Entamoeba histolytica detection (intestinal amebiasis)

A

liver aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

T/F:
Lungs and brain can also be infected by Entamoeba histolytica.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In the cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, ___________ are killed, while ______ continue the cycle.

A

trophozoites
cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
encystation or excystation?

A

excystation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary conditions, third-world countries

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Most pathogenic amoeba; true pathogen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

49
Q

Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is reflected in its ability to cause?

A
  1. invasive intestinal amoebiasis
  2. extraintestinal amoebic infections
50
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
Infective Stage

A

mature cyst;
“tetra/ quadrinucleated”

51
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
Virulent Stage/ Feeding Form

A

Trophozoite

52
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
final host

A

man

53
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites release 3 virulence factors which are?

A
  1. Lectin
  2. Amoebapores
  3. Cysteine proteinases
54
Q

Entamoeba histolytica’s virulence factor that functions for attachment

A

Lectin

55
Q

Entamoeba histolytica’s virulence factor that produces holes on the lining of large intestine

A

Amoebapores

56
Q

Entamoeba histolytica’s virulence factor that disrupts tissue and spreads infection

A

Cysteine proteinases

57
Q

Commensal amoebae can also be opportunistic in?

A

immunocompromised patients (weak hosts)

58
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin:
cytoplasm:
size range:

A

motility: Progressive aggressive/ rapid directional
nucleus: 1 (mononucleated)
karyosome: centrally located
peripheral chromatin: evenly distributed
cytoplasm: finely granular
size range: 12-60 um (usually, 15-20 um)

59
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite:
additional structures

A
  1. finger-like pseudopodia (hyaline)
  2. hematophagus (ingested RBCs)
60
Q

ingestion of RBCs

A

hematophagus

61
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite:
cytoplasm appearance

A

ground-glass appearance

62
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst:
motility:
shape:
wall thickness:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin:
size range:

A

Entamoeba histolytica cyst:
motility: nonmotile
shape: round
cell wall: thin
nucleus: 4
karyosome: centrally located
peripheral chromatin: evenly distributed
size range: 10-20 um (usually 12-15 um)

63
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst:
additional structures

A

chromatoidal bar
- cigar shape
- sausage shape
- rod shape
- coffin shape
(with rounded ends)

64
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst:
similar in morphology with?

A

Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Entamoeba bangladeshi

65
Q

Entamoeba moshkovskii is also called?

A

Laredo strain

66
Q

Motility is observed in __________, but not in __________.

A

unstained
stained

67
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
laboratory technique

A

direct fecal smear

68
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
concentration technique

A
  1. FECT
  2. MIF
  3. Floatation
    - Zinc sulfate
    - Brine Technique
69
Q

T/F:
We only concentrate trophozoites.

A

False;
only cysts

70
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
culture media

A

chick embryo

71
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
stains

A
  1. Lugol’s iodine
  2. Permanent stains
    - iron hematoxylin
    - trichrome
    - best carmine
72
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
serological tests

A
  1. IFAT
  2. ELISA
73
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
serological test for antigen testing

A

IFAT

74
Q

IFAT stands for?

A

indirect fluorescent antibody test

75
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
serological test that uses antibodies to differentiate from similar-looking commensal amoeba

A

ELISA

76
Q

ELISA stands for?

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

77
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
treatment

A
  1. metronidazole (tinidazole)
  2. diloxanide furoate
78
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
treatment for tissue infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica (trophozoite)

A

metronidazole

79
Q

T/F:
Metronidazole only kills trophozoites; observed stage - cyst

A

True

80
Q

Entamoeba histolytica:
treatment for asymptomatic cyst passers

A

diloxanide furoate

81
Q

Non-pathogenic lumen dweller

A

Entamoeba coli

82
Q

Entamoeba coli:
MOT

A

ingestion of cysts from contaminated water or food

83
Q

Entamoeba coli (trophozoite)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin:
cytoplasm:
size range:

A

motility: Sluggish, nondirectional
nucleus: 1 (mononucleated)
karyosome: large, not compact usually eccentric
peripheral chromatin: Unevenly arranged and clumped
cytoplasm: granular “dirty-looking” cytoplasm usually vacuolated, contains debris
size range: 15-50 um (usually, 20-25um)

84
Q

Entamoeba coli (trophozoite):
additional structures

A

blunt, granular pseudopodia

85
Q

Entamoeba coli (cyst)
motility:
shape:
wall thickness:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin:
size range:

A

motility: nonmotile
shape: Spherical/oval
wall thickness: thick
nucleus: 8 (octonucleated)
karyosome: eccentric
peripheral chromatin: coarsely granular/clumped unevenly distributed
size range: 10-35 um (usually, 15-25um)

86
Q

Entamoeba coli (cyst):
additional structures

A

chromatoidal bar
- splinter-shaped
- broom stick appearance
- rough, pointed ends

87
Q

small race of E. histolytica

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

88
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni (trophozoite)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
cytoplasm:
size:

A

motility: non-progressive
nucleus: 1 (mononucleated)
karyosome: Small, may be centrally located or eccentric
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
evenly distributed (Same with E. histolytica/E. dispar)
cytoplasm: Finely granular may contain bacteria
size: 5-12 um

89
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni (trophozoite):
additional structures

A

pesudopod
(similar to E. histolytica)

90
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni (cyst)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
size:

A

motility: nonmotile
shape: spherical
nucleus: 4 (commonly 2)
karyosome: small, centrally located
peripheral chromatin: evenly distributed
size range: 5-10 um

91
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni (cyst):
additional structures

A
  1. diffuse glycogen vacuole/ mass
  2. chromatoidal body with blunt, smooth, round edges
92
Q

Endolimax nana (trophozoite)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
cytoplasm:
size:

A

motility: sluggish, non-progressive
nucleus: 1 (mononucleated)
karyosome: large, irregular
peripheral chromatin (if stained): usually none
cytoplasm: contains bacteria
size: 6-12 um

93
Q

Endolimax nana (trophozoite):
additional structures

A
  1. ingested bacteria
  2. blunt and hyaline pseudopodia
  3. food vacuoles
94
Q

Endolimax nana (cyst)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
size:

A

motility: nonmotile
nucleus: oval/ spherical
karyosome: smaller than in trophozoites
peripheral chromatin: none
size: 5-10 um

95
Q

Endolimax nana (cyst):
additional structures

A

chromatoidal bodies
- rarely present
- fine linear faintly visible in stained smears

96
Q

smallest amoeba

A

Endolimax nana

97
Q

oval, cross-eyed amoeba

A

Endolimax nana

98
Q

ameba of swine (pigs)

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

99
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii contains large, chromatic-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of __________ ____________ and anchored to the nuclear membrane by ___________ ____________.

A

achromatic globules
achromatic fibrils

100
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii (trophozoite)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
cytoplasm:
size:

A

motility: sluggish usually non-progressive
nucleus: 1 (mononucleated)
karyosome: large, eccentric
peripheral chromatin (if stained): none
cytoplasm: granular and heavily vacuolated with bacteria
size: 8-20 um

101
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii (cyst)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:
peripheral chromatin (if stained):
size:

A

motility: nonmotile
nucleus: 1
karyosome: large, eccentric refractile granules may be on one side (basket nucleus)
peripheral chromatin (if stained): none
size: 5-20 um

102
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii (trophozoite and cyst):
additional structure/ appearance

A
  1. “basket of flowers” due to achromatic granules
  2. glycogen vacuole
103
Q

amoeba of pigs and monkeys

A

Entamoeba polecki

104
Q

most common parasite in Papua New Guinea

A

Entamoeba polecki

105
Q

Entamoeba polecki is what type of infection?

A

zoonotic

106
Q

Entamoeba polecki (trophozoite)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:

A

motility: undirectional, progressive, sluggish
nucleus: 1
karyosome: centrally located

107
Q

Entamoeba polecki (trophozoite):
additional structures

A

pseupodia
hematophagus

108
Q

Entamoeba polecki (cyst)
motility:
nucleus:
karyosome:

A

motility: nonmotile
nucleus: 1
karyosome: large, centrally located

109
Q

Amoeba seen in apes and monkeys

A

Entamoeba chattoni

110
Q

morphologically similar to E. polecki

A

Entamoeba chattoni

111
Q

T/F:
Entamoeba gingivalis’ infective stage is cyst stage.

A

False;
NO CYST STAGE

112
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis:
habitat

A

oral cavity (gum line)

113
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis may also be seen in?

A

genital tract

114
Q

T/F:
Entamoeba gingivalis are scavengers (eat debris).

A

True

115
Q

first amoeba in man

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

116
Q

Samples where Entamoeba gingivalis may be seen

A

sputum (can go to the lungs)

117
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis is non-pathogenic, but it can be seen in patients with?

A

pyorrhea alveolaris (gum infections)

118
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis (trophozoite):
nucleus:
peripheral chromatin:
additional structures:

A

nucleus: 1
peripheral chromatin: fine, evenly distributed
additional structures:
- hematophagus
- blunt pseudopodia
- food vacuoles

119
Q

ectopic form of amebiasis

A

extra-intestinal disease

Parasitology-Lab (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions