U2 - Fecal Artifacts Flashcards
1
Q
various components in feces
A
- undigested food
- digestive by-products
- human cells
- secretions from digestive tract
- microorganisms
2
Q
structured responsible for incorrect identification
A
fecal artifacts
3
Q
“confusers”
A
fecal artifacts
4
Q
T/F:
MTs should adhere to identification protocols, QC, reference materials (atlas), and consultants.
A
True
5
Q
13 fecal artifacts
A
- pollen
- vegetable cells
- vegetable spirals
- plant hair/ fiber
- yeast
- starch cells/ granules
- beaver bodies
- fat globules
- muscle fiber
- air bubbles
- white blood cells
- charcot leyden crystals
- epithelial cells
6
Q
pollen resemblance
A
- Taenia
- other helminth eggs
7
Q
has little to no internal structures
A
pollen
8
Q
lacks 6-hooked oncosphere and embryo wall
A
pollen
9
Q
vegetable cells resemblance
A
helminth eggs
10
Q
Which is larger, vegetable cells or helminth eggs?
A
vegetable cells
11
Q
shape and thickness of vegetable cells
A
polygonal and flattened
12
Q
describe the interior portion of vegetable cells
A
- unorganized
- contain large vacuoles
13
Q
“ladder-like” appearance
A
vegetable spirals
14
Q
vegetable spirals resemblance
A
helminth larva
15
Q
plant hair/ fiber resemblance
A
helminth larva
(hookworms and Strongyloides)
16
Q
2 artifacts that lacks head or tail region
A
- vegetable spirals
- plant hair/ fiber
17
Q
T/F:
Plant hair/ fibers are often broken at two ends.
A
False;
one end
18
Q
T/F:
Plant hair/ fiber lacks internal structures seen in true parasites.
A
True
19
Q
describe the shape of yeasts
A
round to oval
20
Q
size of yeast
A
4 to 8 um
21
Q
yeast resemblance
A
- Cryptosporidium spp.
- Cyclospora spp.
- microsporidia
- helminth eggs
- protozoan cysts
22
Q
T/F:
Yeast is not normally present in stool; it should be reported at all times.
A
False;
normally present in stool
reported if amount is significant
23
Q
reason why yeast may be present in stool
A
stool is stored for a long time
24
Q
what type of infection is yeast infection
A
fungal
25
fresh or freshly preserved stools with significant numbers of budding yeast may indicate?
systemic infection
26
patients prone to systemic infection in relation to the presence of yeast
immunosuppressed patients
27
The presence of __________ _____________may be an indication of pathogenicity of the yeast present (__________ ______) and should be reported
branching pseudohyphae
Candida spp.
28
T/F:
Yeasts are cyst-like and have thin walls.
True
29
parasite that causes diarrhea
Coccidia parasite
30
how to differentiate yeast cells from parasites
presence of budding on the cell
31
possible diagnosis when there is presence of yeast
HIV, AIDS, or on chemotherapy
32
describe the shape of starch cells/ granules
round to irregular round-shaped
33
T/F:
Iodine and starch attract.
True
34
T/F:
Starch cells/ granules are very refractile.
True
35
How to differentiate starch granules from other parasitic structures
starch granules if <10 um
36
T/F:
starch cells/ granules have internal structures and a nucleus
False;
no internal structures
no nucleus
37
starch cells/ granules resemblance
protozoan cysts
(Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana)
38
Iodine staining for undigested starch cells/ granules
blue-black
39
Iodine staining for partially digestes starch cells/ granules
red/ pink
40
protistan parasites of crayfish
beaver bodies
41
Beaver bodies are present in stool if _________ is consumed in significant amounts.
crayfish
42
beaver bodies are also known as?
corpora parasitica
43
beaver bodies resemblance
helminth ova
44
parasitic resemblance of beaver bodies
psorospermium haeckelii
45
T/F:
Beaver bodies have no clinical significance.
True
46
shape of fat globules
spherical
47
fat globules resemblance
protozoan cysts
48
What do large amounts of fat globules indicate?
presence of excess fecal fat
49
presence of excess fecal fat
steatorrhea
50
steatorrhea observation
>60
6-75 um
large droplets
per HPO
51
fat globules normal samples observation
100
small droplets
<4 um in diameter
per HPO
52
shape of muscle fiber
rectangular
53
T/F:
All muscle fibers have striations.
False;
with or without striations
54
normally present especially in high red-meat diet
muscle fiber
55
increased amounts of striated fibers are seen in?
1. biliary obstruction
2. gastrocolic fistulas
3. patients with pancreatic insufficiency (cystic fibrosis)
56
artifact associated with cystic fibrosis
muscle fiber
57
presence of too much muscle fibers
creatorrhea
58
muscle fiber resemblance
tapeworm proglottid
59
seen in improperly prepared wet mounts/ smear
air bubbles
60
What does PMNs stand for
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils
61
PMNs resemblance
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)
62
Macrophage resemblance
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites)
63
Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
size
PMNs:
average size, 14 um (10-12 um on permanent stained smear)
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
average size, 20 um (less on permanent stained smear)
64
Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm
PMNs:
1:1
E. histolytica/ E. dispar:
trophozoite: 1:10 to 1:12
cyst: 1:2 to 1:3
65
Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
nucleus
PMNs:
2-4 segments
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
round with central karyosome and peripheral chromatin
66
Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
cytoplasm
PMNs:
granular cytoplasm
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
agranular, may contain RBCs
67
Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
stain
PMNs:
trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. h and E. d
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
trichrome: green cytoplasm, dark red nuclear material
68
Compare macrophage and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
size
Macrophage:
30-60 um
5-10 um less on permanent stained smear
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
12-60 um (average)
20 um (less on permanent stained smear)
69
Compare macrophage and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
ration of nuclear material to cytoplasm
Macrophage:
1:4-1:6
E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
1:10-1:12
70
usually contains ingested debris, PMNs, and RBCs
macrophage
71
may contain red-staining round bodies
macrophage
72
T/F:
Macrophages' nucleus is always present.
False;
may be absent
73
stain for macrophage
trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. histolytica/ E. dispar
74
formed from breakdown products of eosinophils
charcot leyden crystals
75
where can charcot leyden crystals be seen?
stool
sputum
76
describe charcot leyden crystals:
thickness, ends, shape
slender crystals
pointed ends
diamond-shaped
77
color and stain of charcot leyden crystals
red-purple
trichrome stain
78
when charcot leyden crystals are seen, it is reported as?
charcot-leyden crystal present
79
charcot leyden crystals indication
1. hypersensitivity/ allergic reaction
2. parasitic helminth infections
80
types of epithelial cells (artifacts) and location
squamous: anal mucosa
columnar: intestinal mucosa
81
describe epithelial cell structures
large, refractile nucleus
distinct cell borders
82
epithelial cells resemblance
amebic trophozoites
83
lack the typical interior structures of amebic trophozoites
epithelial cells
84
rounded or angular when seen in fecal samples; no internal structure
starch granules
85
will stain pink to purple in iodine mounts
starch granules
86
common findings in Giardiasis and other parasitic infections causing malabsorption; appears to be round with thin circular lining
fat globules
87
T/F:
Epithelial cells show close resemblance to amebic trophozoites in size and shape.
True
88
T/F:
Yeasts are generally harmless, but may be associated with fungal infection.
True
89
T/F:
Pollen grains may mimic helminthic larvae
False;
Taenia and helminth eggs
90
Vegetable spirals resemble _________ due to size and shape.
helminth larvae
91
Rectangular structures representing undigested meat fibers.
muscle fiber
92
coiled strand of vegetable remnant with a ladder-like appearance
vegetable spirals
93
___________ refers to the presence of too much fats in stool; ___________ refers to the presence of too much muscle fibers in stool.
steatorrhea
creatorrhea
94
diamond-shaped crystals which develop from eosinophil breakdown products
charcot-leyden crystals
