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Parasitology-Lab > U2 - Fecal Artifacts > Flashcards

U2 - Fecal Artifacts Flashcards

1
Q

various components in feces

A
  1. undigested food
  2. digestive by-products
  3. human cells
  4. secretions from digestive tract
  5. microorganisms
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2
Q

structured responsible for incorrect identification

A

fecal artifacts

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3
Q

“confusers”

A

fecal artifacts

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4
Q

T/F:
MTs should adhere to identification protocols, QC, reference materials (atlas), and consultants.

A

True

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5
Q

13 fecal artifacts

A
  1. pollen
  2. vegetable cells
  3. vegetable spirals
  4. plant hair/ fiber
  5. yeast
  6. starch cells/ granules
  7. beaver bodies
  8. fat globules
  9. muscle fiber
  10. air bubbles
  11. white blood cells
  12. charcot leyden crystals
  13. epithelial cells
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6
Q

pollen resemblance

A
  1. Taenia
  2. other helminth eggs
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7
Q

has little to no internal structures

A

pollen

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8
Q

lacks 6-hooked oncosphere and embryo wall

A

pollen

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9
Q

vegetable cells resemblance

A

helminth eggs

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10
Q

Which is larger, vegetable cells or helminth eggs?

A

vegetable cells

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11
Q

shape and thickness of vegetable cells

A

polygonal and flattened

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12
Q

describe the interior portion of vegetable cells

A
  1. unorganized
  2. contain large vacuoles
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13
Q

“ladder-like” appearance

A

vegetable spirals

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14
Q

vegetable spirals resemblance

A

helminth larva

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15
Q

plant hair/ fiber resemblance

A

helminth larva
(hookworms and Strongyloides)

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16
Q

2 artifacts that lacks head or tail region

A
  1. vegetable spirals
  2. plant hair/ fiber
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17
Q

T/F:
Plant hair/ fibers are often broken at two ends.

A

False;
one end

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18
Q

T/F:
Plant hair/ fiber lacks internal structures seen in true parasites.

A

True

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19
Q

describe the shape of yeasts

A

round to oval

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20
Q

size of yeast

A

4 to 8 um

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21
Q

yeast resemblance

A
  1. Cryptosporidium spp.
  2. Cyclospora spp.
  3. microsporidia
  4. helminth eggs
  5. protozoan cysts
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22
Q

T/F:
Yeast is not normally present in stool; it should be reported at all times.

A

False;
normally present in stool
reported if amount is significant

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23
Q

reason why yeast may be present in stool

A

stool is stored for a long time

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24
Q

what type of infection is yeast infection

A

fungal

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25
Q

fresh or freshly preserved stools with significant numbers of budding yeast may indicate?

A

systemic infection

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26
Q

patients prone to systemic infection in relation to the presence of yeast

A

immunosuppressed patients

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27
Q

The presence of __________ _____________may be an indication of pathogenicity of the yeast present (__________ ______) and should be reported

A

branching pseudohyphae
Candida spp.

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28
Q

T/F:
Yeasts are cyst-like and have thin walls.

A

True

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29
Q

parasite that causes diarrhea

A

Coccidia parasite

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30
Q

how to differentiate yeast cells from parasites

A

presence of budding on the cell

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31
Q

possible diagnosis when there is presence of yeast

A

HIV, AIDS, or on chemotherapy

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32
Q

describe the shape of starch cells/ granules

A

round to irregular round-shaped

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33
Q

T/F:
Iodine and starch attract.

A

True

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34
Q

T/F:
Starch cells/ granules are very refractile.

A

True

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35
Q

How to differentiate starch granules from other parasitic structures

A

starch granules if <10 um

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36
Q

T/F:
starch cells/ granules have internal structures and a nucleus

A

False;
no internal structures
no nucleus

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37
Q

starch cells/ granules resemblance

A

protozoan cysts
(Entamoeba hartmanni, Endolimax nana)

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38
Q

Iodine staining for undigested starch cells/ granules

A

blue-black

39
Q

Iodine staining for partially digestes starch cells/ granules

40
Q

protistan parasites of crayfish

A

beaver bodies

41
Q

Beaver bodies are present in stool if _________ is consumed in significant amounts.

42
Q

beaver bodies are also known as?

A

corpora parasitica

43
Q

beaver bodies resemblance

A

helminth ova

44
Q

parasitic resemblance of beaver bodies

A

psorospermium haeckelii

45
Q

T/F:
Beaver bodies have no clinical significance.

46
Q

shape of fat globules

47
Q

fat globules resemblance

A

protozoan cysts

48
Q

What do large amounts of fat globules indicate?

A

presence of excess fecal fat

49
Q

presence of excess fecal fat

A

steatorrhea

50
Q

steatorrhea observation

A

> 60
6-75 um
large droplets
per HPO

51
Q

fat globules normal samples observation

A

100
small droplets
<4 um in diameter
per HPO

52
Q

shape of muscle fiber

A

rectangular

53
Q

T/F:
All muscle fibers have striations.

A

False;
with or without striations

54
Q

normally present especially in high red-meat diet

A

muscle fiber

55
Q

increased amounts of striated fibers are seen in?

A
  1. biliary obstruction
  2. gastrocolic fistulas
  3. patients with pancreatic insufficiency (cystic fibrosis)
56
Q

artifact associated with cystic fibrosis

A

muscle fiber

57
Q

presence of too much muscle fibers

A

creatorrhea

58
Q

muscle fiber resemblance

A

tapeworm proglottid

59
Q

seen in improperly prepared wet mounts/ smear

A

air bubbles

60
Q

What does PMNs stand for

A

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

61
Q

PMNs resemblance

A

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts)

62
Q

Macrophage resemblance

A

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites)

63
Q

Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
size

A

PMNs:
average size, 14 um (10-12 um on permanent stained smear)

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
average size, 20 um (less on permanent stained smear)

64
Q

Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm

A

PMNs:
1:1

E. histolytica/ E. dispar:
trophozoite: 1:10 to 1:12
cyst: 1:2 to 1:3

65
Q

Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
nucleus

A

PMNs:
2-4 segments

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
round with central karyosome and peripheral chromatin

66
Q

Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
cytoplasm

A

PMNs:
granular cytoplasm

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
agranular, may contain RBCs

67
Q

Compare PMNs and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
stain

A

PMNs:
trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. h and E. d

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (cysts):
trichrome: green cytoplasm, dark red nuclear material

68
Q

Compare macrophage and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
size

A

Macrophage:
30-60 um
5-10 um less on permanent stained smear

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
12-60 um (average)
20 um (less on permanent stained smear)

69
Q

Compare macrophage and E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
ration of nuclear material to cytoplasm

A

Macrophage:
1:4-1:6

E. histolytica/ E. dispar (trophozoites):
1:10-1:12

70
Q

usually contains ingested debris, PMNs, and RBCs

A

macrophage

71
Q

may contain red-staining round bodies

A

macrophage

72
Q

T/F:
Macrophages’ nucleus is always present.

A

False;
may be absent

73
Q

stain for macrophage

A

trichrome staining characteristics similar to E. histolytica/ E. dispar

74
Q

formed from breakdown products of eosinophils

A

charcot leyden crystals

75
Q

where can charcot leyden crystals be seen?

A

stool
sputum

76
Q

describe charcot leyden crystals:
thickness, ends, shape

A

slender crystals
pointed ends
diamond-shaped

77
Q

color and stain of charcot leyden crystals

A

red-purple
trichrome stain

78
Q

when charcot leyden crystals are seen, it is reported as?

A

charcot-leyden crystal present

79
Q

charcot leyden crystals indication

A
  1. hypersensitivity/ allergic reaction
  2. parasitic helminth infections
80
Q

types of epithelial cells (artifacts) and location

A

squamous: anal mucosa
columnar: intestinal mucosa

81
Q

describe epithelial cell structures

A

large, refractile nucleus
distinct cell borders

82
Q

epithelial cells resemblance

A

amebic trophozoites

83
Q

lack the typical interior structures of amebic trophozoites

A

epithelial cells

84
Q

rounded or angular when seen in fecal samples; no internal structure

A

starch granules

85
Q

will stain pink to purple in iodine mounts

A

starch granules

86
Q

common findings in Giardiasis and other parasitic infections causing malabsorption; appears to be round with thin circular lining

A

fat globules

87
Q

T/F:
Epithelial cells show close resemblance to amebic trophozoites in size and shape.

88
Q

T/F:
Yeasts are generally harmless, but may be associated with fungal infection.

89
Q

T/F:
Pollen grains may mimic helminthic larvae

A

False;
Taenia and helminth eggs

90
Q

Vegetable spirals resemble _________ due to size and shape.

A

helminth larvae

91
Q

Rectangular structures representing undigested meat fibers.

A

muscle fiber

92
Q

coiled strand of vegetable remnant with a ladder-like appearance

A

vegetable spirals

93
Q

___________ refers to the presence of too much fats in stool; ___________ refers to the presence of too much muscle fibers in stool.

A

steatorrhea
creatorrhea

94
Q

diamond-shaped crystals which develop from eosinophil breakdown products

A

charcot-leyden crystals

Parasitology-Lab (8 decks)

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