U4 OC 1

Question 1

Global health

Answer 1

The health of populations in a worldwide context that go beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

Question 2

Mortality strata

Answer 2

The World Health Organization classifies countries into five
mortality strata based on the mortality rates of children
under five years of age and adult males aged 19-59. The
five strata are:
Mortality strata A – very low child mortality and very low adult mortality.
Mortality strata B – low child mortality and low adult mortality.
Mortality strata C – low child mortality and high adult mortality.
Mortality strata D – high child mortality and high adult mortality.
Mortality strata E – high child mortality and very high adult mortality

Question 3

Sustainability

Answer 3

‘… meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ (UN, 1987)

SEE

• social
• economic
• environmental

Question 4

how is mortality strata measured?

Answer 4

• U5MR

- adult male mortality rate

Question 5

3 elements of sustainability

Answer 5

Appropriateness
Affordability
Equity

Question 6

Human Development Index definition

• 3 dimensions
• 4 indicators

Answer 6

• A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development
• It provides a single statistic (0-1) based on:
  three dimensions: health, education and living standards;
  and
  four indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita

Question 7

Factors affecting Health Status in developing countries and Australia
( PIG PAGE )

Answer 7

Physical environments
Income
Gender equality

Peace/political stability
Access to health care
Global marketing
Education

Question 8

Human Development definition

DLEEAPP

Answer 8

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.

Question 9

Developed country

Answer 9

a country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators

Question 10

Developing country

Answer 10

a country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators

Question 11

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Answer 11

a measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GDP is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a 12 month period

Question 12

GNI (Gross National Income)

Answer 12

a mesure that reflects the economic state of a country. GNI is the total income generated by a country in a 12 month period once expenses owing to other countries have been paid

Question 13

Impacts of physical environment on health status

Answer 13

Air pollution
Sanitation
Safe water 
Shelter and housing
Food Security
Climate change
Infrastructure

Then use indicators

Question 14

Sustainable Development Goals
New Zealand Good Quality Gas Cooks Decent Pizzas
( be able to describe and reasons why important)

Answer 14

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Wellbeing
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Decent Work and Economic Growth
8. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Question 15

Poverty

Answer 15

deprivation of resources (or inability to access them) such as nutritious food, clean water
How is it measured?
Extreme Poverty- less than US$1.90 a day
Relative Poverty- less than 50% of the average income of a country

Question 16

Social Protection measures

Answer 16

refers to measures which help people prevent or overcome adverse situations which affect their well-being (such as unemployment). It includes measures such as free healthcare and sickness, disability, old age and unemployment benefits

Question 17

Hunger
Undernutrition
Malnutrition

Answer 17

Hunger: is when there is a continuing lack of food needed for an active and healthy life

Undernutrition: is when people do not have enough food to meet their daily energy requirements, resulting in wasting and stunting

Malnutrition: is when there is a lack of specific nutrients required for the body to function effectively. (a malnourished person may have the required amount of for to sustain life, but they may not be consuming the required range of nutrients, which may put their health at risk)

Question 18

Food Security

Answer 18

refers to the people having regular, nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate food from non-emergency sources

Question 19

Sustainable agriculture

Answer 19

refers to the capacity of agriculture to provide sufficient for over time which is economical, socially responsible and environmentally sound

Question 20

Quality Education

Answer 20

refers to education delivered by trained teachers in suitable facilities with access to learning tools such as ICT

Question 21

Gender Equality

Answer 21

refers to the situation where all males and females have the same rights, opportunities, access to resources, level of power and control over all aspects of their lives

Question 22

Clean/safe water

Answer 22

refers to water which is free from harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses and parasites

Question 23

sanitation

Answer 23

refers to the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, as well as the maintenance of hygienic conditions through garbage collection and disposal of wastewater

Question 24

Decent Work

Answer 24

refers to the productive work of women and men in conditions of freedom, equality, security and human dignity. It involves opportunities for work that delivers a fair income; provides security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families

Question 25

Economic Growth

Answer 25

refers to an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over time

Question 26

Institutions

Answer 26

refers to the rules, laws and government organisations. E.g includes the judicial and police institutions, education and healthcare systems

Question 27

Human Rights

Answer 27

refers t the rights inherent to all human beings, whatever nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language or any other status.
E.g right to food, shelter, education, freedom

Question 28

HDI limitations

Answer 28

the HDI is not a complete measure of human development. HD is much broader than the HDI – eg. HDI doesn’t factor in indicators such as gender or income inequality, human rights,…)

Question 29

SDG 1 description and importance

Answer 29

description: aims to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, where poverty is measured as living on less than US$1.90/day

importance: millions across the globe still living in poverty
- poverty increases morbidity and mortality rates

Question 30

SDG 2 description and importance

Answer 30

description: aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by ensuring all people including women, children, poor, pregnant, elderly and those in vulnerable situations have access to safe, nutritious food all year

importance: millions still experiencing chronic hunger and malnutrition
- stunting, weakened immune system

Question 31

SDG 3 description and importance

Answer 31

description: aims to improve physical and mental health and wellbeing in all countries by reducing morbidity and mortality rates due to common causes

importance:

• millions die globally from preventable diseases
• infant/child mortality rates are high (future of society and economy)

Question 32

SDG 4 description and importance

Answer 32

description: ensure all girls and boys have access to quality education from pre-primary through to tertiary
- free primary and secondary

importance: millions of children in developing countries are not attending school

Question 33

SDG 5 description and importance

Answer 33

description: ensures equal opportunities for males and females in all areas of life including leadership and decision making
- end all forms of discrimination, violence and harmful practices against girls and women

importance:
-millons of women suffer from discrimination and violence in every part of the world

Question 34

SDG 6 description and importance

Answer 34

description: aims to achieve universal access to clean, safe water and sanitation for all people, improve water quality, reduce contaminants
importance: millions globally lack access to clean water and sanitation resulting in preventable illnesses and increased mortality rates

Question 35

SDG 8 description and importance

Answer 35

description: aims to achieve full and productive employment and safe/decent work for all men and women, including migrants and those with disabilities

importance: many children are engaged in forced labour
- girls and women trafficked for labour, decreases eduction opportunities and meaningful employment

Question 36

SDG 16 description and importance

Answer 36

description: aims to reduce all forms of violence and related deaths everywhere, by respecting and protecting human rights to promote peaceful and inclusive societies, strengthen effective institutions
importance: violence due to corruption, conflict, terrorism displaces millions each year, cannot access basic human rights e.g food, water, shelter etc