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HHD > U3 OC1 > Flashcards

U3 OC1 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical dimension of health

A

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

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2
Q

Social dimensions of health

A

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.

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3
Q

Mental dimensions of health

A

‘State of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.’ (WHO, 2009)

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4
Q

Health status

A

An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.’ (AIHW, 2008)

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5
Q

Burden of disease

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries.
Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY).

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6
Q

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

A

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

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7
Q

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

A

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

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8
Q

Life expectancy

A

‘An indication of how long a person can expect live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.’ (AIHW, 2008)

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9
Q

Under-five mortality rate

A

‘The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.’ (WHO, 2008)

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10
Q

Morbidity

A

‘Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.’ (AIHW, 2008)

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11
Q

Mortality

A

Refers to the number of deaths caused by disease, illness or other environmental factor

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12
Q

Maternal Mortality rate

A

the number of females who die whilst pregnant/soon after birth per 100,000 live births

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13
Q

Incidence

A

the number or proportion of new cases of disease, illness or injury

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14
Q

Prevalence

A

‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’

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15
Q

Physical environment determinants

A

The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes water and air, workplaces, housing, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards.

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16
Q

Biological determinants

A

Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure ,cholesterol levels

17
Q

Behavioural determinants

A

Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity, eating practices.

18
Q

Social determinants

A

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support.

19
Q

Determinants of health

A

‘Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others.’ (AIHW, 2006). Determinants can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural, physical environment and social.

20
Q

Males Vs Females: Biological determinants

A

males have higher rates of

  • overweight and obesity therefore…
  • blood cholesterol
  • high blood pressure
  • genetics: hormones, males have testosterone, risk taking
  • genetics: sex, females don’t have prostate gland, can’t get prostate cancer
21
Q

Males Vs Females: Social determinants

A

culture: males more like influenced by ‘macho culture’, consider inappropriate to express feelings, higher rates of suicide, decreasing life expectancy, less like to access health care/screening etc
knowledge/education: males less likely to take notice of health promotion campaigns
occupation: males employed in labour-intensive work, higher injury risk
Peer pressure: increase risk taking, injury

22
Q

Males Vs Females: Behavioural determinants

A 
males more likely to:
smoking
alcohol consumption
diet/food intake
sun exposure
accessing healthcare
risk-taking behaviours
23
Q

Males Vs Females: physical environment

A

males more UV exposure in labour intensive eployment

24
Q

Low SES Vs high SES: Biological

A 
Low SES:
obesity
hypertension
low birth weight babies
impaired glucose regulation
25
Q

Low SES Vs high SES: Behavioural

A 
Low SES:
smoking
regular physical activity
alcohol
diet- high fat, high salt and sugar, less fruit and vegetables
26
Q

Low SES Vs high SES: social

A 
Low SES:
low level education
low level health literacy
higher unemployment rates
lower incomes
food insecurity
stress fro home ownership, loans, mortgage 
social exclusion 
less access to healthcare
27
Q

Low SES Vs high SES: Physical Environment

A 
Low SES:
work in unsafe environments
poor quality housing
environmental tobacco smoke
suburbs higher exposure to fast food outlets
28
Q

socioeconomic status

A

refer’s to a person’s position in society relative to others based on income, education and occupation

29
Q

Rural and remote populations: Biological

A 
rural/remote:
high blood cholesterol
bloodpressure
overweight/obesity
low birth weight babies
30
Q

Rural and remote populations: Behavioural

A 
rural/remote:
smoking
alcohol
irregular physical activity
Uv sun protection ow
risk taking behaviours
31
Q

Rural and remote populations: Physical Environment

A

rural/remote:
availability to fresh, nutritious foods
dangerous workplace environments e.g farming, mining
less public transport
poorer road quality
sun exposure
impacted by extreme weather e.g can’t grow crops, floods

32
Q

Rural and remote populations: Social

A 
rural/remote:
education
unemployment 
low income
social isolation
health care access
food insecurity (due to cost/levels of health literacy)
33
Q

National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs)

A

A DAD COMIC

Arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions
Diabetes Mellitus
Asthma
Dementia
Cardiovascular health
Obesity 
Mental health
Injury prevention and control
Cancer control
34
Q

Macronutrients

-functions and food sources

A 
A nutrient that is needed by the body in relatively large amounts
-Carbohydrates
-Protein
-Fats (lipids)
(water)
35
Q

Micronutrients

-functions and food sources

A

A nutrient that is required by the body in small amounts

  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • ->calcium
  • ->vitamin D
  • ->Sodium
  • ->phosphorus
36
Q

The five conditions related to nutrition

A 
Cardiovascular Disease
Colorectal Cancer
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Osteoporosis
37
Q

Direct costs

A

-costs associated with preventing the disease or condition and providing health services to people suffering from it.

To the individual:
-doctor and specialist fees not covered by medicare
-ambulance transport
-surgery or hospital fees not covered by medicare or PHI
To the Community:
-costs associated with implementing health promotion strategies
-costs paid for through medicare and PBS e.g doctor and specialist fees, wages for administration employees

38
Q

Indirect costs

A

not directly related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease, but occur as a result of the person having the disease

To the individual:
-loss of income if they can’t work
-employing someone to mow lawns
-paying for a housekeeper to perform domestic duties
-transport costs if person can no longer drive
To the community:
-low productivity, e.g businesses lose employees, may be paying sick leave while employee is unwell
-social security payments e.g disability benefits if a person is no longer able to work
-los taxation revenue e.g no longer contribute to economy through tax payments when not working

39
Q

Intangible Costs

A

related to the emotional side of illness and stability and are difficult to measure

To the individual:
-pain and suffering e.g chemotherapy causes nausea, hair loss, reduced energy levels
-stress e.g person with osteoporosis may experience stress at thought of fracturing a bone
-loss of self-esteem e.g chronic conditions contribute to feelings of worthlessness
To the community:
-emotional impacts e.g family and friends may experience grief in the case of death, stress and concern during treatment of the individual

HHD (5 decks)

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