U4 AOS 1 (second line) Flashcards
Phagocyte
type of leukocyte responsible for the endocytosis and destruction of pathogens and release of cytokines. Eg. neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells.
Endocytosis
process by which the plasma membrane folds inward to engulf foreign substances.
Natural Killer Cell
a type of leukocyte responsible for the recognition and destruction of damaged or infected host cells.
Cytokine
a signalling molecule that aids in the communication between immune cells, and protects against pathogens.
Mast Cells
release histamines when they detect injury, reside in connective tissue.
Eosinophil
Help to destroy bigger pathogens that likely cannot be phagocytosed, they contain various toxic chemical mediators.
Second line of defence
part of the innate immune system characterised by non-specific and immediate response to injury and pathogens.
Leukocyte
A type of white blood cell, responsible for protecting the body.
Interferons
a cytokine released by virally infected cells that increases the viral resistance of neighbouring uninfected cells.
Complement Proteins
a number of different types of proteins found in the blood that cause lysis, and attract phagocytes to invading pathogens.
**complement cascade
Fever
a temporary increase in body temperature as a response to infection. Many pathogens cannot survive at higher temps.
Inflammatory Response
Increased blood flow to an injured area that allows for immune cells and proteins to access the site.
Initiation
damage occurs and pathogens are introduced to the body, damaged cells release cytokines.
Vasodilation
Histamines bind to the blood vessels, causing them to widen. Blood flow increases to the area.
Migration
Innate immune system components enter the injury site.
Pathogens are phagocytosed.
Complement proteins attract phagocytes to pathogens.
