U4 AOS 1 (adaptive immunity)

Question 1

Third line of defence

Answer 1

Adaptive immune system composed of the humoral and cell-mediated responses.
**create a pathogen specific response.

Question 2

Immunological Memory

Answer 2

The production of B and T memory cells that allows the immune system to combat a previously encountered pathogen quickly and aggressively.

Question 3

Antigen presentation

Answer 3

a subgroup of phagocytes that display the antigens from consumed pathogens on their surface and interact with the adaptive immune system.

Question 4

Humoral Immunity

Answer 4

an adaptive immune response in which extracellular pathogens are targeted by specific antibodies produced by plasma cells. Also known as B cell immunity.

Question 5

Cell-mediated Immunity

Answer 5

an adaptive immune response in which infected or abnormal cells are destroyed by cytotoxic T cells. Also known as T cell immunity.

Question 6

Antibody

Answer 6

a protein produced by plasma cells during the adaptive immune response that is specific to an antigen and combats pathogens in a variety of ways. Also known as immunoglobulin.

Question 7

T Lymphocyte

Answer 7

a type of lymphocyte that plays an important role in cell-mediated immunity. It differentiates into cytotoxic T cells, T memory cells, and T helper cells.

Question 8

T Helper Cell

Answer 8

a type of differentiated T lymphocyte that supports the functioning of a number of different immune cells, including the cloning and differentiation of selected T and B cells.

Question 9

B Lymphocyte

Answer 9

a type of lymphocyte that plays an important role in humoral immunity and differentiates into plasma cells and B memory cells.

Question 10

Clonal Expansion

Answer 10

the process in which many copies of a lymphocyte are generated

Question 11

Clonal Selection

Answer 11

the process in which B and T cells encounter an antigen that matches their antigen- binding site, and then generate many copies of themselves.

Question 12

Differentiation

Answer 12

the process in which cells develop specialised characteristics, typically transforming them from one cell type to another more specialised cell type.

Question 13

Plasma Cell

Answer 13

a differentiated B lymphocyte that is responsible for the generation and secretion of antibodies during the humoral response

Question 14

B Memory Cell

Answer 14

a differentiated B lymphocyte that is responsible for providing long-lasting immunological memory of an antigen.

Question 15

Cytotoxic T Cell

Answer 15

a differentiated T lymphocyte that is responsible for the destruction of infected or abnormal cells.

Question 16

T Memory Cell

Answer 16

a differentiated T lymphocyte that is responsible for providing long-lasting immunological memory