u4 aos 1 Flashcards
economic challenges (CRC)
ARTICLE 32 - protecting children from economic exploitation
India ratified the CRC in 1992, committing to protect children’s rights. However, economic challenges have created obstacles to fully implementing these rights:
- These factories are known for human rights abuses, with the International Labour Organization (ILO) expressing “deep concern” surrounding labour laws implemented by then-prime minister Narendra Modi.
Progress and Challenges
- 5.8 mil children are working in India in 2022
- India banned child labour in 2016 but has not worked.
- However, the persistence of child labour, especially in industries like bidi manufacturing, highlights the ongoing tension between economic interests and children’s rights.
cultural challenges (CEDAW)
ARTICLE 2 - MODIFY/ABOLISH CURRENT LEGISLATURE/ CUSTOMS/PRACTICES THAT DISCRIMINATE AGAINST WOMEN
Egypt
Ratified CEDAW in 1981
Historically, it is estimated FGM in Egypt goes back to 5th Century BC.
According to Egypt United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), as of 2021, around 86% of married Egyptian women between 15-49 have gone through FGM.
With this statistic, it means that all the women who were recorded, have undergone FGM after Egypt had ratified CEDAW.
universality of human rights (CEDAW)
ARTICLE 10 - SAME EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN
The Center for Reproductive Rights and the Legal and Human Rights Centre (LHRC)
Tanzania’s government has forced public school girls to take pregnancy tests, and has expelled girls who were pregnant.
An estimated 6500-15,000 girls and adolescents were forced out of school due to pregnancy, since an Education act adopted in 2002 set that expulsion of a student may be ordered if offence “against morality” had occurred
On the 15th September 2022, it was ruled in favour of the school girls, and in the review of their education and Training policy, they have included the re-entry of teen mothers
Unclear the extent of the recommendations that have been implemented
Getting pregnant out of wedlock is a social taboo
Girls often face rejection from family when they get pregnant
Many teen mothers are forced into marriage
Obligations to asylum seekers and other refugees
During the european refugee crisis, around 1 million refugees from Syria and afghanistan 2015
By 2018, 72% of asylum seekers had received protection in Germany, being allowed to work. Around half of the 1.8 million refugees in Germany in 2018 had found some sort of job
- germany now had lower interest rates and declining unemployment
Germany taking in refugees has been seen as a realist approach, due to tackling its aging population through an intake of younger refugees
The German Institute for Economic Research discovered that the immigration to the EU increased Germany’s GDP by over 1% every year.
economic migrants
Their Specified Skilled Worker visa launched in 2019 aims to bring up to 345,000 foreign workers over five years to fill gaps in industries.
national interests including border security
Operation sovereign borders
Established in 2013
Military lead security operation that has a zero-tolerance towards unapproved sea arrivals.
Usually turned back, or placed in offshore detention
PM Tony Abbott: “We are in a fierce contest with these people smugglers.”
rights of refugees
ARTICLE 5 - THE RIGHTS GRANTED BY STATES AREN’T IMPEEDED BY THE REFUGEE CONVENTION
according to the Asylum-seekers Benefits Act, passed in Germany march 2015, Asylum seekers get monthly money, basic benefits (food housing) and other benefits if they get ill
At the end of 2021, roughly 399,000 people in Germany received standard benefits in accordance with the Act on Benefits for Asylum Seekers (AsylbLG).
differing approaches to refugee resettlement
In 2022, a migration treaty was signed with Rwanda, and would have paid 240 million euros by the end of 2023
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is “firmly opposed” to the policy, believing it to be unlawful, prejudiced and impractical
