aos 2 u3 Flashcards
China’s ideals
one china
socialism with chinese characterisitcs
xi jinping thought
marxist-leninism
ecological society
international standing evidence
China opinion: “The People’s Republic of China has indisputable sovereignty over the islands and reefs in the South China Sea and their adjacent waters”
G7 2024: “There is no legal basis for China’s expansive maritime claims in the South China Sea, and we oppose China’s militarization, coercive and intimidation activities in the South China Sea. “
A joint statement from 47 states in the UN “We continue to be gravely concerned about the human rights situation in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.”
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, an IGO that has 57 member states, adopted a resolution “commend[ing]” China’s efforts “in providing care to its Muslim citizens.”
regional relationships evidence
Only 11 members of the UN have official ties with Taiwan - political power
“The Philippines strongly urges China to desist from its provocative and illegal actions.” – Philippine National Security Adviser, 2019.
“china will surely be reunified” - Xi Jinping
Taiwan territorial conflict
Good Governance and Development Conference
Emphasised that regional peace, stability, development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of all countries
economic prosperity evidence
The SCS handles around 60% of world trade
$3.37 Trillion USD in trade passed through the South China Sea in 2016
40% of global liquified natural gas trade transited through the South China Sea in 2017
China has created 3,200 new acres of land in the Spratly Islands since 2013
estimated to hold 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 11 billion barrels of oil
1 trillion USD has been put into the BRI as of the end of 2023, but has had around 19.1 trillion USD pass through in trade between China and BRI states between 2013 to 2023
Has been criticised due to ‘debt trapping’ where China has lended out loans to countries who are unable to pay back.
In the case of Sri Lanka, a port built with Chinese money called Hambantota, has been leased to China for 99 years, due to Sri Lanka being unable to pay China back.
national security evidence
Uyghurs: China states that they are doing this to “hardline Islamic extremism” and religious extremism
The budget for the military has more than doubled in the 12 years that President Xi Jinping has been China’s leader, from 720 billion yuan in 2013 to 1.67 trillion yuan this year.
(start of 2024)
Beijing announced a 7.2 per cent increase in defence spending, which was broadly in line with the increase in annual spending since 2016.
China has militarised 3 islands in the South China Sea, occupying around 20 other islands, with other things
fpi: military
The budget for the military has more than doubled in the 12 years that President Xi Jinping has been China’s leader, from 720 billion yuan in 2013 to 1.67 trillion yuan this year.
(start of 2024) Beijing announced a 7.2 per cent increase in defence spending, which was broadly in line with the increase in annual spending since 2016.
China has militarised 3 islands in the South China Sea, occupying around 20 other islands, with other things
Military drills in 2022 after Pelosi’s visit
Increase ‘war games’ around Taiwan
The BRI has contributed to strengthening relations between China and Belarus, which has lead to the bilateral agreement between the two to have joined ant-terrorism exercises in July 2024
In May 2014, the Chinese government launched the “Strike Hard Campaign against Violent Terrorism”
fpi: aid
China’s overall aid to the island states in 2021 – the latest year for which the international policy think tank has comprehensive data – was $241 million. The year continued a downward trend in Chinese grants and loans to some of the world’s most aid-dependent countries since China’s $384 million peak in 2016, the institute reported.
The latest report revises previous Chinese annual contributions based on additional data but maintains the downward trend.
“It reflects a strategic shift to reduce risk, cement political ties and enhance capital returns,” the report said.
fpi: diplomacy
russia-china-ukraine
China issues a 12 point peace plan calling for ceasefire and peace talks
however, this power is limited, due to its currently ability to influence any actions from either actors.
fpi: trade
Pakistan and China Economic Corridor
where around 1/4 of Pakistan’s debt is to china
China imposed tariffs of up to 212% on Australian wine in November 2020, claiming that Australia was dumping wine into the Chinese market. The move significantly impacted Australia’s wine industry, which had benefited from growing Chinese demand.
The BRI has contributed to strengthening relations between China and Belarus, which has lead to the bilateral agreement between the two to have joined ant-terrorism exercises in July 2024
soft power
confucianism institutions
hard power
military
cultural power
CCTV China in Africa
political power
Uyghur suppression
diplomatic power
Russia-Ukraine
economic power
Debt trapping
China and Pakistan economic corridor since 2015
